Protective effect of glutamine-enriched early enteral nutrition on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after liver transplantation in rats

Background

The effect of glutamine-enriched early enteral nutrition (Gln-EEN) on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after liver transplantation (LT) remains uncertain.

Methods

The Wistar-to-Wistar rat LT model was used to explore the protective effect of Gln-EEN. Morphologic changes of intestinal mucosa, levels of intestinal malondialdehyde and secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA), plasma endotoxin, D-lactic acid, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), rates of bacterial translocation, and expression of intestinal nuclear factor-κB, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were determined.

Results

After LT, intestinal mucosa was damaged seriously. At 12, 24, and 48 hours posttransplantation, levels of intestinal sIgA were decreased; levels of malondialdehyde, endotoxin, D-lactic acid, and TNF-α, the ratio of bacterial translocation, and the expression of intestinal nuclear factor-κB, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 all were increased. However, changes in earlier-mentioned parameters in recipients treated with Gln-EEN were attenuated remarkably at 24 to 48 hours.

Conclusions

Our data show that Gln-EEN is a potent protectant against intestinal mucosal barrier injury after LT.     

线粒体去乙酰化蛋白SIRT3在噪声诱导隐匿性听力损失中的作用

目的 探讨线粒体去乙酰化蛋白(sirtuin-3,SIRT3)在噪声性隐性听力损失(noise-induced hidden hearing loss, NIHHL)中的作用。方法 将注射过SIRT3抑制剂[3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine,3-TYP]与未经处理的C57BL/6J小鼠分别于100 dB白噪声下暴露2 h,并在噪声暴露 (noise exposure, NE) 后1 d和14 d进行测听。利用免疫荧光染色观察内毛细胞 (inner hair cell, IHCs)带状突触(ribbon synapses, RS)的变化。冰冻切片下,4-羟基壬烯醛 (4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE)染色观察耳蜗内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的累积。结果 与对照组相比,噪声组及3-TYP组小鼠均在噪声后出现短暂性听力阈值的升高,ROS的累积及带状突触的丢失。与噪声组小鼠相比,3-TYP组小鼠在噪声后第14天听力未恢复正常,带状突触丢失明显,且伴有ROS的显著累积。结论 NE诱发了内耳的氧化应激反应,SIRT3可能通过抵抗氧化应激作用来保护耳蜗带状突触及听功能。     

脊柱术后急性深部组织感染的观察及护理

目的 分析脊柱术后急性深部组织感染的特点及危险因素,探讨脊柱术后护理方式.方法 回顾该院2010年1月-2014年1月21例脊柱术后急性深部组织感染的发现与治疗过程.结果 21例患者急性深部组织感染发现及时,其中7例患者通过调整抗生素及换药,14例患者通过积极外科治疗,预后良好.结论 脊柱术后深部组织感染护理观察的重点在于患者体温的变化,患者敷料渗出物的变化,及注意患者主诉的变化.     

肠内营养与激素治疗对儿童克罗恩病的疗效对比研究

目的比较肠内营养（EN）与激素对儿童活动期克罗恩病（CD）的临床指标和肠黏膜愈合方面的治疗效果,探讨EN治疗儿童CD的应用价值。方法将本院2012年7月-2014年1月确诊为活动期CD的患儿,依据治疗方式的不同将患儿随机分为肠内营养治疗组（EN组）和激素治疗组（激素组）,观察对比CD患儿在0、2、4、6、8、10、12周的各项临床检测指标变化,并通过内镜及组织学检查观察对比CD患儿在0、12周时的肠黏膜炎症改变。结果（1）共48例CD患儿入组,EN组25例,激素组23例,两组患儿的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性;（2）治疗结束（12周）时,EN组的临床缓解率为80％（20／25）,激素组为82．6％（19／23）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）治疗后EN组的内镜下缓解率为72％（18／25）,显著高于激素组的34．8％（8／23）（P〈0．05）;EN组的组织学缓解率为60％（15／25）,也显著高于激索组的26．1％（6／23）（P〈0．01）。结论EN是治疗儿童活动期CD的一种有效方法,在诱导黏膜愈合方面较激素治疗更为有效。     

鲁迅与解剖学研究述略

鲁迅在《我怎么做起小说来》一文中写道,"但我的来做小说,也并非自以为有做小说的才能……大约所仰仗的全在先前看过的百来篇外国作品和一点医学上的知识,此外的准备,一点也没有"[1].可见,鲁迅青年时期接受的医学教育,与之精神与艺术有着深刻的渊源.而鲁迅所说的"医学上的知识"中,对其影响最大的莫过于 "解剖学的知识".在鲁迅...     

自身免疫多腺体综合征Ⅲ型CTLA-4外显子1多态性研究

目的了解毒淋巴T细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)基因外显子1多态性与自身免疫性多腺体综合征Ⅲ型(APSⅢ)的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP法检测52例正常对照者,39例经典1型糖尿病(T1DMA)患者和16例APSⅢ临床及亚临床患者CTLA-4基因外显子1的多态性。结果正常对照组CTLA-4外显子A等位基因出现频率0.212,低于G等位基因出现频率0.788。正常对照组不同基因型及等位基因均显示女性的GG基因型或G等位基因均较男性高,但差异均无统计学意义(χ2分别为2.856和0.003,P为0.24和0.352)。3组的A、G等位基因频率比较:χ2值和P值分别为1.476和0.478。结论G是本组人群中的主体基因。A基因频率在正常对照组、T1DMA组和APSⅢ组之间呈依次上升的趋势,推测A基因与疾病易感可能有相关性。同时表明CTLA-4仅仅是自身免疫疾病发生的次要因素。     

Characterization of Ribosomal Binding and Antibacterial Activities Using Two Orthogonal High-Throughput Screens

We report here the affinity and antibacterial activity of a structurally similar class of neomycin dimers. The affinity of the dimer library for rRNA was established by using a screen that measures the displacement of fluorescein-neomycin (F-neo) probe from RNA. A rapid growth inhibition assay using a single drug concentration was used to examine the antibacterial activity. The structure-activity relationship data were then rapidly analyzed using a two-dimensional ribosomal binding-bacterial inhibition plot analysis.     

Effects of dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fats on lipoproteins in the baboon

The effects of 2 different dietary fats (40% of calories from corn oil or coconut oil), in the presence of high-dietary cholesterol (1.7 mg/kcal), on the lipoprotein profiles of baboons (Papio cynocephalus sp) were studied by analytic ultracentrifugation, gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), and heparin-manganese chloride precipitation. Relative to the corn oil (polyunsaturated fat) diet, the coconut oil (saturated fat) diet significantly increased total serum cholesterol by 43% (P less than 0.001) by increasing non-precipitable cholesterol (HDL-C) 58% (P less than 0.001) and precipitable cholesterol (VLDL + LDL-C) 35% (P less than 0.001). Analytic ultracentrifugal observations indicated that the increase in HDL-C was due to considerable increases in both HDL-I (baboon HDL of size 100-125 A and hydrated density 1.063-1.120 g/ml) and F1.20 degrees 9-28 lipoproteins (material of size 125-220 A and hydrated density 1.03-1.08 g/ml, and containing HDL apolipoproteins and apo E). Concentrations of other HDL subpopulations were unaffected by the dietary saturated rat. The increase in VLDL + LDL-C was due to increased LDL (S degree F 5-12 lipoproteins) and, to some extent, F1.20 degrees 9-28 lipoproteins because the larger, faster floating subspecies of the F1.20 degrees 9-28 lipoproteins were precipitable by heparin-manganese. In contrast, saturated fat (relative to polyunsaturated fat) induced lower concentrations of IDL (SF degree 12-20) and VLDL (SF degree 20-100). Lipoprotein size distributions by GGE indicated 5 HDL subpopulations and 2 or more LDL subpopulations in the sera of most baboons. The type of dietary fat did not affect the particle size range of each of the the HDL or LDL subpopulations. The results indicate that dietary fat markedly modulates the distribution of cholesterol between apo A-I-containing (HDL and F1.20 degrees 9-28) and apo B-containing (IDL and VLDL) lipoproteins without altering the presence of subpopulations based on particle size.     

老年人腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

我院近5年来行老年人腰椎间盘突出症手术37例,疗效显著,现就老年人腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗的有关问题分析讨论如下。临床资料本组37例,男22例,女15例;年龄60～76岁;病史2个月～30年。全组病人均有腰腿痛病史,因劳累、外伤诱发或使疼痛加重,其中腰痛伴双下肢疼痛、麻木者8例,腰痛或伴单侧下肢疼痛、麻木者29例,伴下肢间歇性跛行者24例,伴括约肌功能障碍者6例,不能站立行走者4例。腰椎间盘突出部位:L3.4间隙2例,L4.5间隙12例,L5S1间隙17例,L4.5、L5S1两个间隙同时突出6例。全部病例摄腰椎正侧位片,示椎间隙狭窄或不等宽者31例,椎体边缘骨质…