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Mosam A Cassol E Page T Bodasing U Cassol S Dawood H Friedland GH Scadden DT Aboobaker J Jordaan JP Lalloo UG Esterhuizen TM Coovadia HM 《AIDS (London, England)》2005,19(4):441-443
Generic antiretroviral drugs are pivotal in the implementation of WHO's '3 by 5' programme. However, clinical experience with generics in sub-Saharan Africa is insufficiently documented. We report on 50 patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma treated with generic fixed-dose highly active antiretroviral therapy. At 52 weeks, 74% achieved an undetectable viral load of < 50 copies/ml, 86% achieved < 400 copies/ml, and a 3.1 log10 decline from baseline. Side-effects were minimal. The outcomes support the use of generic antiretroviral therapy. 相似文献
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Pathak P Kapil U Kapoor SK Saxena R Kumar A Gupta N Dwivedi SN Singh R Singh P 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2004,71(11):1007-1014
Deficiencies of micronutrients (zinc, iron, folic acid and iodine) during pregnancy are known causes of Low Birth Weight (LBW).
Studies have documented status of one or two micronutrients amongst pregnant women (PW). However, no attempt has been made
to concurrently assess the prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies and the factors associated with them amongst
PW.Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies amongst PW in a rural area.Methods: A community based cross sectional survey was conducted in six villages of a rural area of district Faridabad in Haryana
state, India during November 2000 and October 2001. All PW aged 18 years or more, with pregnancy duration of more than 28
weeks were enrolled. Data were collected on socio-economic status and other demographic parameters. Serum zinc, copper and
magnesium levels were estimated by utilizing the Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); serum ferritin and folate was
estimated by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method and the Radio-lmmuno Assay (RIA) method, respectively and serum
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was estimated by the Abbot AxSYM System. Serum zinc, copper, magnesium, ferritin,
and folate levels less than 70.0 μg/dl, 80.0 μg/dl, 1.80 mg/dl, 15 ng/ml, and 3 ng/ml, respectively were considered as indicative
of deficiency for respective micronutrients. The TSH levels of 4.670 and more indicated iodine deficiency status. Dietary
intake of micronutrients was assessed utilizing 1-day 24-hour dietary recall methodology. Food consumption pattern was assessed
utilizing the food frequency questionnaire methodology.Results: Nearly 73.5, 2.7, 43.6, 73.4, 26.3, and 6.4 percent PW were deficient in zinc, copper, magnesium, iron, folic acid and iodine,
respectively. The highest concurrent prevalence of two, three, four and five micronutrient deficiency was of zinc and iron
(54.9%); zinc, magnesium and iron (25.6%); zinc, magnesium, iron and folic acid (9.3%) and zinc, magnesium, iron, folic acid
and iodine (0.8%), respectively. No pregnant woman was found to have concomitant deficiencies of all the six micronutrients.
Dietary intake data revealed an inadequate nutrient intake. Over 19% PW were consuming less than 50% of the recommended calories.
Similarly, 99, 86.2, 75.4, 23.6, 3.9 percent of the PW were consuming less than 50% of the recommended folic acid, zinc, iron,
copper, and magnesium. The consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients (pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts and oil seeds,
animal foods) was infrequent. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low dietary intake of
nutrients, low frequency of consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients and increased reproductive cycles with short
interpregnancy intervals were important factors leading to micronutrient deficiencies.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies amongst the PW of the area, possibly due to the poor dietary intake
of food and low frequency of consumption of food groups rich in micronutrients. The concurrent prevalence of two, three, four
and five micronutrient deficiencies were common. 相似文献
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Objective: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency
disorders.Methods : A total of 7009 children in the age group of 6–11 years were clinically examined for presence of goiter. A total of 991
salt samples were also collected randomly. On the spot casual urine samples were collected from 1395 children.Results : The total goiter prevalence was found to be 6.2 %. The percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion (UIE) of <20.0,
20.0-<50.0, 50.0–99.9 and 100.0 Μg/l and above was 0.8, 1.8, 8.7 and 88.7%, respectively. The median UIE level was 200 Μg/L
The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that only 16% of the families were consuming salt with iodine content less
than 5 ppm.Conclusion : The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed
by Total Goiter Prevalence) to iodine sufficient nutriture (as revealed by median UIE 200 Μg/l). A significant progress has
been achieved towards elimination of IDD from NCT of Delhi. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to describe a novel technique for reconstructing the cranial vertex without the use of free tissue transfer. STUDY DESIGN: Case report, literature review, and discussion. METHODS: A 50-year-old woman presented from a remote Pacific Island community with a 12 x 14-cm, necrotic, grossly contaminated eccrine gland carcinoma of the cranial vertex that extended through the calvarium but did not invade the dura. Following tumor extirpation, the resulting bony defect was 10 x 12 cm in size, with a concomitant scalp defect of 14 x 16 cm. Free tissue transfer was impossible because of severe intimal peripheral vascular disease, posing a challenging reconstructive dilemma. After tumor resection, the bony edges were covered with local scalp flaps and the vacuum-assisted closure device was placed over the wound at a constant setting of -50 mm Hg. The vacuum-assisted closure device was changed three times per week for 3 weeks. RESULTS: A thick, 1-cm bed of granulation tissue developed over the dura, allowing temporary coverage by a split-thickness skin graft, and the scalp defect decreased in size by approximately 25%. The patient did not develop meningitis, headache, or localized infection as a result of placement of the vacuum-assisted closure device and tolerated the vacuum-assisted closure well. After a requisite period of healing, tissue expanders and calvarial reconstruction will be performed. CONCLUSION: Use of the vacuum-assisted closure device is a safe, reliable adjunct in the closure of large cranial defects with exposed dura and offers a novel reconstructive option for complex defects of the head and neck. 相似文献
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