HIV／AIDS患者血清自身抗体检测结果分析

目的：了解 HIV /AIDS 患者血清中自身抗体的检出率,探讨自身免疫在 HIV /AIDS 患者中的意义。方法选择2008年1月至2012年10月云南省传染病专科医院门诊和住院就诊,并检测血清抗核抗体（ANA）和抗可提取性核抗原（ENA）等15种抗体的 HIV /AIDS 患者198例为观察组,另选择2012年健康体检者50例为健康对照组。采用间接免疫荧光法检测 HIV/AIDS 患者血清 ANA ;欧蒙印迹法检测自身抗体;流式细胞术检测 CD4＋T 淋巴细胞。比较两组间自身抗体检出率。结果观察组患者自身抗体总阳性率为27．8％,以 Ro-52阳性检出率最高,ANA 和 Ro-52与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。 CD4＋ T 淋巴细胞低于200个/μL 的 HIV患者自身抗体检出率为37．1％,与高于200个/μL 的 HIV 患者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论 HIV 感染能诱导自身免疫反应,使患者出现多种自身抗体,自身抗体的检出率与 CD4＋ T 淋巴细胞密切相关,监测 HIV 患者自身抗体对患者的诊断和治疗有一定的指导意义。     

上皮样血管瘤16例临床与病理分析

 目的:探讨上皮样血管瘤（EH）的临床及组织病理学特征。 方法:回顾性分析16例已确诊患者的临床及病理资料,并对相关文献进行综述。 结果:16例患者中女8例,男8例;平均年龄（45.44±12.52）岁;病程3个月~20年;皮损主要表现为红色至暗红色丘疹、结节,可伴瘙痒和糜烂,好发于头皮、耳部,其中发生在头部10例、耳部5例、外阴1例;皮损单发者5例,多发者11例。皮损组织病理学检查均具有典型的血管增生,管壁增厚,内皮细胞呈上皮样突向管腔,管周大量淋巴细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。结论：上皮样血管瘤少见,诊断需要临床与病理密切结合。加强对该病的认识,可避免误诊误治。     

激素治疗增加绝经后健康妇女尿失禁的发病率和严重程度

问题：在绝经后健康妇女中，激素治疗（hormone therapy，HT）对尿失禁（urinary incontinence，UI）的效果如何？     

The use of drugs for the inhibition of prostaglandin or leukotriene synthesis from arachidonic acid is theoretically hazardous

It would appear that it has become almost common practice to regard arachidonic acid (AA) as the sole precursor of eicosanoids. The fact that both dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) give rise to distinct families of eicosanoids is commonly almost completely ignored. Elevated tissue levels of AA eicosanoids have been found in and have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. Drugs which selectively block AA mobilization or its eicosanoid metabolism have therefore been developed for therapeutic use in these conditions. The fact that such drugs will also simultaneously block the eicosanoid metabolism from DGLA as well as from EPA is also commonly ignored. It is suggested that the profoundly adverse side-effects displayed by some of these drugs, resulting in some instances in their withdrawal from use, could be the direct result of their concomitant action of interfering with the eicosanoid metabolism of DGLA and EPA. It is further suggested that, before the interactions between the eicosanoids derived from AA and those derived from DGLA and EPA are understood, the use of drugs for the manipulation of AA eicosanoid metabolism in isolation, could be hazardous. This implies that all such drugs currently in use are to be regarded as experimental and provisionally toxic in terms of their effects on the whole system of eicosanoid metabolism. Thus even drugs which have been passed by the FDA and similar Drug Control Councils require total re-evaluation especially in view of the fact that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed for chronic conditions which require therapy for several years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Facilitation of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis by restraint stress: role of beta-endorphin, prolactin and naltrexone

In order to investigate the involvement of opioid peptides and prolactin in stress-facilitated mammary cancer, we studied the effect of chronic restraint stress on dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis and the effect of an opiate antagonist, naltrexone, on this process. Female Fischer-344 rats (n = 160) were administered 15 mg DMBA/ml of sesame oil/rat by intragastric intubation. Eighty rats were subjected to daily 30 min restraint stress in a plastic cylinder, and 80 rats served as control not subjected to the stressor. Half of the rats from each group received naltrexone (1 mg/kg, i.p. daily). Five rats from each group (restraint stress +/- naltrexone and control +/- naltrexone) were killed every 2-3 weeks. Rats subjected to restraint stress developed a greater number of tumors earlier. Naltrexone decreased the tumor incidence in the stressed animals from 32 to 12% (P less than 0.001) and in unstressed rats from 27 to 15% (P less than 0.001) at the end of 18 weeks. Stressed rats showed a decrease of 48% (P less than 0.001) in the level of hypothalamic beta-endorphin. Plasma prolactin increased from 4-13 ng/ml in the control rats to 109-396 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) in the stressed rats throughout the 18 week period. The beneficial effect of naltrexone was associated with 42% (P less than 0.01) increase in T cell proliferation, but greater than 90% (P less than 0.001) decrease in plasma prolactin level was observed in naltrexone-treated rats compared to the untreated animals. Rats subjected to restraint stress showed a 15% (P less than 0.001) decrease in weight gain at the end of the experiment (18 weeks). Neither restraint stress nor naltrexone administration affected the caloric intake of rats during this period. Thus, we believe that restraint stress facilitates DMBA-induced mammary tumors by releasing beta-endorphin and prolactin, and naltrexone shows a beneficial effect by opposing the effect of beta-endorphin on prolactin release in the stressed animals.     

Differences between two strains of myelin basic protein (MBP) TCR transgenic mice: implications for tolerance induction

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by CD4+ T cells which preferentially use the Vbeta8.2 TCR in response to myelin basic protein (MBP). Two strains of Tg mice (Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2 and Valpha4/Vbeta8.2) have T cell receptors that recognize the NAc1-11 immunodominant epitope of MBP. We previously reported that oral administration of MBP protects both Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2 and Valpha4/Vbeta8.2 mice from EAE; however, tolerance induction differs between strains and is dependent on the timing of oral antigen. Here we analyze the peripheral and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) environments of the two strains of Tg mice. Tg cells in the Peyer's patch (PP) but not the spleen of Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2 mice demonstrate increased CD69 and decreased CD45RB relative to Valpha4/Vbeta8.2 mice. High levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, proliferative activity and CC chemokines (MCP-1) are observed in the periphery and GALT of Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2 Tg mice. In contrast, more non-Tg CD4+ cells are seen in the PP of Valpha4/Vbeta8.2 mice. These studies suggest that activated Tg T cells and fewer potential regulatory cells in the PP of Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2 Tg mice may influence oral tolerance.     

实验性高胆固醇血症兔离体主动脉功能变化的研究

目的探讨高胆固醇血症对血管功能的影响。方法20只新西兰雄性兔随机分为2组正常饮食组(normal cholesterol,NC)10只及高胆固醇饮食组(hypercholesterol,HC)10只。4周后取出每只兔的降主动脉,5mm宽动脉环放置于含有25mlKreb液的组织－器官水浴系统中。分别测量游离血管对乙酰胆碱（10-10～10-5mol/L)的舒张反应及对去甲肾上腺素（10-10～10-5mol/L）的收缩反应。结果2组兔血胆固醇有显著差异,其中NC组（30.1±11.2）mg/dl,HC组（987.3±110.0)mg/dl(P<0.01);HC组血管对乙酰胆碱舒张反应与NC组比较明显减弱,HC组最大为（58.50±6.17）％,NC组最大为(103.2±6.9)％(P<0.01）;HC组血管对去甲肾上腺素反应增强,最大收缩力HC组为(4.15±0.56)g,NC组为(2.9±0.3)g(P<0.05）。2组动脉病理学检查无动脉硬化的改变。结论高胆固醇血症降低血管内皮依赖性舒张反应,增加血管对去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应。高胆固醇血症时血管内皮功能改变早于动脉粥样硬化的结构改变。     

Isolation and characterization of 55 novel microsatellite markers for the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus)

Here we present 55 new microsatellite markers isolated from the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), using next generation sequencing. Of these, 44 markers were found to be polymorphic, and the number of alleles ranged from two to ten with a mean of 4.23 alleles per locus. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.44, and 33 polymorphic markers were in Hardy?CWeinberg equilibrium in our sample population. These newly developed molecular markers could prove to be a useful tool for further studies of pink-footed goose populations.     

真菌感染在新生儿疾病中的护理方法探讨

目的探讨综合护理方法在新生儿真菌感染类疾病中的护理效果。方法回顾性总结我院收治的发生真菌感染类疾病新生儿的护理资料56例,按照护理方法不同分为两组:选择综合护理方法护理的30例为观察组,常规护理方法的26例为对照组,各组患儿分别在护理后按照本研究统计指标进行统计并比较差异性。结果观察组治愈29例(96.7%),死亡1例(3.3%);对照组治愈15例(57.7%),死亡11例(42.3%),两组护理结果差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对真菌感染新生儿治疗过程中,采取综合性护理措施(集中操作、加强监护、强化无菌意识和积极治疗等)具有更优秀的临床护理效果。