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71.
The narrowing of the diverse fields of psychiatry to just the single dimension of the biomedical model has resulted in a situation where professions with a focus on curing (psychiatrists and psychologists) are favoured over those with a focus on caring and encouraging near communities to care for each other (nurses). The social engineering of mental problems leads to a state of helplessness. This paper contributes to an understanding of the barriers to utilise the social resources of people with mental health problems and argues for forms of “indirect social engineering” and “egoless care,” and, ultimately, a rediscovery of nursing, using the mental health care in the Netherlands as a case study. 相似文献
72.
Ray WA Taylor JA Brown AK Gideon P Hall K Arbogast P Meredith S 《Archives of internal medicine》2005,165(19):2293-2298
BACKGROUND: Fall-related injuries, a major public health problem in long-term care, may be reduced by interventions that improve safety practices. Previous studies have shown that safety practice interventions can reduce falls; however, in long-term care these have relied heavily on external funding and staff. The aim of this study was to test whether a training program in safety practices for staff could reduce fall-related injuries in long-term care facilities. METHODS: A cluster randomization clinical trial with 112 qualifying facilities and 10,558 study residents 65 years or older and not bedridden. The intervention was an intensive 2-day safety training program with 12-month follow-up. The training program targeted living space and personal safety; wheelchairs, canes, and walkers; psychotropic medication use; and transferring and ambulation. The main outcome measure was serious fall-related injuries during the follow-up period. RESULTS: There was no difference in injury occurrence between the intervention and control facilities (adjusted rate ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.16). For residents with a prior fall in facilities with the best program compliance, there was a nonsignificant trend toward fewer injuries in the intervention group (adjusted rate ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-1.10). CONCLUSION: More intensive interventions are required to prevent fall-related injuries in long-term care facilities. 相似文献
73.
Helegbe GK Yanagi T Senba M Huy NT Shuaibu MN Yamazaki A Kikuchi M Yasunami M Hirayama K 《Parasitology research》2011,108(4):807-814
To mimic a human malaria infection in the endemic condition, two strains of mice (Balb/c and CBA) were infected and treated
several times to generate so-called semi-immune status. As previously reported, neither mice (Balb/c and CBA) strain showed
cerebral malaria, even in the susceptible C57BL/6 (B6). The significant difference between the mice strains in our previous
study was the rate of destruction of uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs) at infection. After the established repeated cycles
of infection and treatment and the final challenge with 104
Plasmodium berghei ANKA until minimum Hb, Balb/c and CBA mice were sacrificed. The spleen, liver, brain, kidney, lung, heart, and muscle were
removed, stained with hematoxylin–eosin and analyzed with light microscopy. Previous observation suggested that Balb/c destroyed
uRBC at much higher rate than the other strains although the parasitemia was very low. Pathological investigation carried
out in this study revealed that this destruction was mainly contributed by the uRBCs as no parasite sequestration was observed
in any of the organs. However, malaria pigment deposition was observed in spleen and liver of all the semi-immune mice strains.
This histopathological study in the severe malaria anemia model, which is difficult to conduct in humans, will be helpful
in taking into account different responses to malaria infection when designing therapeutic interventions and vaccine studies. 相似文献
74.
Eliezer Lahat MD Joseph Barr MD Baruch Klin MD Zvi Dvir MD Tzvy Bistrizer MD Gideon Eshel MD 《Pediatric neurology》1996,15(4):299-301
Mild head injuries are very common among young children. Often, these injuries are followed by a variety of subjective complaints termed posttraumatic syndrome. Posturography (balance test) was performed immediately after the trauma in 21 children who had sustained mild head injury. Significant difference in performance was observed in head-injured children in all subparts of the test as compared with a control group. We conclude that posturography may serve as a simple cost-effective method in qualifying the posttraumatic imbalance. 相似文献
75.
Gal Ophir Ninette Amariglio Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch Ran Elkon Gideon Rechavi Daniel M. Michaelson 《Neurobiology of disease》2005,20(3):519-718
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the major genetic risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is associated with enhanced brain inflammation. Genome-wide gene expression profiling was employed to study the effects of apoE genotype on hippocampal gene expression in LPS-treated mice, transgenic for either apoE4 or the AD benign allele, apoE3. This revealed that the expression of inflammation-related genes following intracerebroventricular injection of LPS was significantly higher and more prolonged in apoE4 than in apoE3 transgenic mice. Clustering analysis revealed gene clusters which responded differently in apoE4 and apoE3 mice and were significantly enriched in NF-kappaB response elements. Direct measurement of NF-kappaB-regulated genes revealed that their extent of activation was greater in the apoE4 mice. Immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that microglial and NF-kappaB activation were more pronounced in apoE4 than in apoE3 mice. These findings suggest that the increased brain inflammation in apoE4 mice is related to disregulation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway. 相似文献
76.
77.
Aims To examine the importance of cigarette prices in influencing smoking cessation and the motivation to quit. Design We use longitudinal data from three waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey (ITC). The study contrasts smoking cessation and motivation to quit among US and Canadian smokers and evaluates how this relationship is modified by cigarette prices, nicotine dependence and health knowledge. Different price measures are used to understand how the ability to purchase cheaper cigarettes may reduce the influence of prices. Our first model examines whether cigarette prices affect motivation to quit smoking using Generalized Estimating Equations to predict cessation stage and a least squares model to predict the change in cessation stage. The second model evaluates quitting behavior over time. The probability of quitting is estimated with Generalized Estimating Equations and a transition model to account for the ‘left‐truncation’ of the data. Settings US and Canada. Participants 4352 smokers at Wave 1, 2000 smokers completing all three waves. Measurements Motivation to quit, cigarette prices, nicotine dependence and health knowledge. Findings Smokers living in areas with higher cigarette prices are significantly more motivated to quit. There is limited evidence to suggest that price increases over time may also increase quit motivation. Higher cigarette prices increase the likelihood of actual quitting, with the caveat that results are statistically significant in one out of two models. Access to cheaper cigarette sources does not impede cessation although smokers would respond more aggressively (in terms of cessation) to price increases if cheaper cigarette sources were not available. Conclusions This research provides a unique opportunity to study smoking cessation among adult smokers and their response to cigarette prices in a market where they are able to avoid tax increases by purchasing cigarettes from cheaper sources. Higher cigarette prices appear to be associated with greater motivation to stop smoking, an effect which does not appear to be mitigated by cheaper cigarette sources. The paper supports the use of higher prices as a means of encouraging smoking cessation and motivation to quit. 相似文献
78.
79.
Gideon Bach Robert Friedman Bernard Weissmann Elizabeth F. Neufeld 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1972,69(8):2048-2051
Skin fibroblasts cultured from patients affected with the Hurler or Scheie syndromes (mucopoly-saccharidoses I or V, respectively) have a functional deficiency of a protein required for catabolism of sulfated mucopolysaccharide that has been designated the "Hurler corrective factor." We now show Hurler factor purified from normal human urine to be associated with alpha-L-iduronidase activity. Cell lines deficient in Hurler corrective factor have no detectable activity of alpha-L-iduronidase (less than 3% of that found in cells from individuals of other genotypes). Such correspondence indicates that Hurler corrective factor and alpha-L-iduronidase are the same entity. Correction of deficient cells is accompanied by an efficient uptake of alpha-L-iduronidase from the medium. 相似文献
80.