Used protocols for isolation and propagation of ovarian stem cells,different cells with different traits

Although existence of ovarian stem cells (OSCs) in mammalian postnatal ovary is still under controversy, however, it has been almost accepted that OSCs are contributing actively to folliculogenesis and neo-oogenesis. Recently, various methods with different efficacies have been employed for OSCs isolation from ovarian tissue, which these methods could be chosen depends on aim of isolation and accessible equipments and materials in lab. Although isolated OSCs from different methods have various traits and characterizations, which might become from their different nature and origin, however these stem cells are promising source for woman infertility treatment or source of energy for women with a history of repeat IVF failure in near future. This review has brought together and summarized currently used protocols for isolation and propagation of OSCs in vitro.     

Evaluation of lens hardness in cataract surgery using high-frequency ultrasonic parameters in vitro

Ultrasonic parameters of sound velocity and frequency-dependent attenuation ranging from 25 to 45 MHz were measured for the purpose of evaluating the hardness of lenses in cataract surgery (phacoemulsification). Measurements were performed with a 35-MHz ultrasonic transducer on porcine lenses in which artificially cataracts were induced. The hardness of the cataractous lens was also evaluated by mechanical measurement of its elastic properties. The results indicated that the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients in normal porcine lenses were approximately 4.49 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD) and 6.32 +/- 0.04 dB/mm at 30 and 40 MHz, respectively. The development progression of the cataracts resulted in the attenuation coefficient increasing linearly to 7.36 +/- 0.25 and 11.1 +/- 0.92 dB/mm, respectively, corresponding to an increase of Young's modulus from 2.6 to 101.2 kPa. The sound velocity concomitantly increased from 1639.8 +/- 4.2 to 1735.6 +/- 10.4 m/s. Evaluation of the relationship between the phacoemulsification energy level and ultrasonic parameters in vitro by surgeons revealed that both the attenuation coefficient and sound velocity were linearly correlated with the phacoemulsification energy (r = 0.941 and 0.915, respectively). These results showed that measuring high-frequency ultrasonic parameters provides surgeons with good capability and reproducibility for selecting the optimal energy level for phacoemulsification.     

Disinfection efficiency of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite: a pilot study

AIM: Dental impressions are potential sources of bacterial contamination which could eventually lead to transmissible infectious diseases through the blood or saliva. Sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant recommended by the American Dental Association (ADA) in a 1:10 dilution for a ten minute immersion to disinfect irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. As the ADA protocol is sometimes neglected in busy practice settings, this pilot study was designed to determine an efficient and effective protocol for disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and disinfection times were challenged against irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS: A two minute immersion time in a 0.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite protocol was found to prevent bacterial growth on the impressions. CONCLUSION: Disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions in a 0.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite for two minutes was as effective as the ADA's protocol of using a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for ten minutes to destroy the test bacteria.     

Massive repeated nose bleeding after bimaxillary osteotomy

In LeFort I surgery, the separation of the pterygomaxillary junction is done by osteotomy. Although the osteotome is positioned too close to the maxillary artery and its branches during pterygomaxillary separation, postoperative complications from vascular injuries are uncommon. We describe an unusual occurrence of a maxillary artery pseudoaneurysm after LeFort I and bilateral sagittal split osteotomies for maxillary advancement and mandibular setback as well as (anterior sliding) genioplasty. In a patient with class III occlusion and midface retrusion, the significant bleeding began 10 days postoperatively, which was controlled by anterior and posterior nasal packing. The bleeding recurred 28 days after surgery; thus, vascular anatomy in the pterygomaxillary area is reviewed, pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed on selective carotid angiography and successfully treated by embolization; and 2-year follow up was uneventful.     

Recurrent subcutaneous emphysema of the face: a challenging clinical problem

In the neck or face, there are different causes for subcutaneous emphysema such as injury to the sinuses, the hypopharynx, the laryngotracheal complex, the pulmonary parenchyma, the esophagus or the presence of gas-forming organisms. However, factitious subcutaneous emphysema, a rare cause, must be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this clinical report, we discuss a 20-year-old girl who was under follow-up because of recurrent subcutaneous emphysema of the face and periorbital area.After 2 years of work-ups, including a period of close observation in the intensive care unit, self air injection by syringe was found as the cause of recurrent subcutaneous emphysema of the face, and the patient was labeled as having factitious recurrent subcutaneous emphysema. Therefore, when a patient presents with unexplained recurrent subcutaneous emphysema, one should suspect self-infliction and examine for puncture marks.     

Evaluating prehospital care of patients with potential traumatic spinal cord injury: scoping review

Purpose

To gain insight into current research regarding prehospital care (PHC) in patients with potential traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to disseminate the findings to the research community.

Methods

In March 2019, we performed a literature search of publications from January 1990 to March 2019 indexed in PubMed, gray literature including professional websites; and reference sections of selected articles for other relevant literature. This review was performed according to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.

Results

There were 42 studies selected based on the inclusion criteria for review; 18 articles regarding immobilization; 12 articles regarding movement, positioning and transport; four for spinal clearance; three for airway protection; and two for the role of PHC providers. There were some articles that covered two topics: one article was regarding movement, positioning and transport and airway protection, and two were regarding spinal clearance and the role of PHC providers.

Conclusion

There was no uniform opinion about spinal immobilization of patients with suspected TSCI. The novel lateral trauma position and one of two High Arm IN Endangered Spine (HAINES) methods are preferred methods for unconscious patients. Controlled self-extrication for patients with stable hemodynamic status is recommended. Early and proper identifying of potential TSCI by PHC providers can significantly improve patients’ outcomes and can result in avoiding unwanted spinal immobilization. Future prospective studies with a large sample size in real-life settings are needed to provide clear and evidence-based data in PHC of patients with suspected TSCI.

     

Synthesis of fluorene and/or benzophenone O-oxime ethers containing amino acid residues and study of their cardiovascular and antibacterial effects

The syntheses and biological studies of O-oxime ethers having α-amino acid residues as new analogs of IPS-339 have been described. In this synthesis, the reaction of fluorene and/or benzophenone O-oxime with epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin afforded the corresponding O-oxime ether adducts. The N-alkylation of amino acid with O-oxime ether adducts led to synthesis of new analogs of IPS-339. The products were examined for their cardiovascular property. It was demonstrated that 2-(3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino)-3-methyl-butanoic acid as the most potent compound substantially reduces the heart rate of dogs. Compounds were also evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial screening proved the considerable antibacterial activity against both groups of bacteria. The docking analysis demonstrated the appropriate fitting of 2-(3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-3-methyl-butanoic acid in human β₂-adrenergic receptor active site. Potential drug toxicity for some active compounds has also been predicted.     

Fungal transformation of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione by Aspergillus brasiliensis

Background

The biotransformation of steroids by fungal biocatalysts has been recognized for many years. There are numerous fungi of the genus Aspergillus which have been shown to transform different steroid substances. The possibility of using filamentous fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis cells in the biotransformation of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, was evaluated.

Methods

The fungal strain was inoculated into the transformation medium which supplemented with androstadienedione as a substrate and fermentation continued for 5 days. The metabolites were extracted and isolated by thin layer chromatography. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated using ¹H-NMR, broadband decoupled ¹³C-NMR, EI Mass and IR spectroscopies.

Results

The fermentation yielded one reduced product: 17β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one and two hydroxylated metabolites: 11α-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3,17-dione and 12β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study show that A. brasiliendsis could be considered as a biocatalyst for producing important derivatives from androstadienedione.