Elastase and alpha 1-protease inhibitor in burn wound exudates

By degrading antithrombin III, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) elastase can become a procoagulant. Because intravascular coagulation may accompany severe burn injury, this study examined burn wound exudates for PMN elastase and its physiologic inhibitor, plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), as a step in evaluating their contributions to coagulopathy in patients with burns. Each of the nine exudates examined were inhibitory for PMN elastase. Chromatographic characterization of the inhibitor indicated that it was alpha 1-PI; its elution volume for four exudates was identical to that of pure alpha 1-PI. Confirmation of the inhibitor's identity was achieved by reaction of anti-alpha 1-PI antibody with each exudate and with inhibitory chromatographic fractions of exudates with the most inhibitory activity. Inhibitor potency, determined from dose-response curves against a standard PMN elastase activity, varied twentyfold among exudates. Only one exudate had catalytic activity with the PMN elastase substrate. Although this enzyme had elastase-like properties, it appeared to differ from PMN elastase. The presence of alpha 1-PI in the wound exudate suggests that this inhibitor may act to diminish fibrin formation from the level that might otherwise have been seen if excess elastase were free to degrade antithrombin III.     

The left ventricular assist device

Of the 400,000 people in the United States who develop end-stage heart failure each year, 60,000 are unresponsive to medical therapy and 2,500 undergo heart transplantation. Surgically implanted pumps, called LVADs, are extending many lives.     

程序电刺激诱发的持续性室速和室颤对双异丙吡胺的反应

双异丙吡胺对程序电刺激诱发的１０例持续性室速或室颤的疗效：完全抑制１例，部分抑制９例，使诱发的室速周期长度及心室有效不应期明显延长，漂浮导管测定用药前后心率，心排指数和肺楔压无明显变化。     

心房肽Ⅲ对麻醉大鼠血流动力学的影响

给麻醉大鼠一次或恒速静脉注射APⅢ(40μg/kg或4μg/kg·min)可显著降低LVSP,SAP,DAP和MAP。但不明显改变麻醉大鼠的(dP/dt)/P,±(dP/dt)_(max),LVEDP及HR等。恒速静脉输注APⅢ(4μg/kg·min)20min大鼠的尿量平均增加5.2倍。然而侧脑室内给予APⅢ(5和15μg/kg)对麻醉大鼠血流动力学各指标以及尿量均无影响,可见APⅢ对心血管系统及肾脏等靶器官的作用可能没有中枢机制参与。     

利用Genescan分析TCR Vβ亚家族CDR3长度的方法检测AML的T细胞克隆性

目的 分析急性髓性白血病（ＡＭＬ）的Ｔ细胞克隆性，方法 利用反转－多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法分析５例ＡＭＬ，８例正常人的外周血单个核细胞和Ｔ细胞株Ｊｕｒｋａｔ的Ｔ细胞受体ＴＣＲＶβ２４个亚家族的互补决定区３（ＣＤＲ３）长度，ＰＣＲ产物进一步进行基因扫描（ｇｅｎｅｓｃａｎ）和核苷酸序列分析，结果 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ分析显示８例正常人外周血单个核细胞除Ｖβ２０外，存在各Ｖβ亚家族的Ｔ细胞，而５例病人则仅     

牙科合金材料有效细胞毒性定量分析计算法

本文介绍一种牙科合金材料细胞毒性定量分析计算方法.其基础工作是先用MTT试验法测定出牙科合金材料组成中常用9种金属离子的50%细胞致死量、再用ICP分析法(电感偶合等离子体分析法)测定有关合金材料浸渍液中各种基本金属元素的含量.然后按照本文所引出的公式计算这些合金材料的有效细胞毒性.按此方法计算出了19种合金材料浸渍液的细胞毒性,与它们通过MTT试验法直接测到的细胞毒性进行比较,证明了该方法的有效性.     

Characteristics of patch test reactions to common preservatives incorporated in petrolatum and water, respectively

Background. The irritant properties of some preservatives and the use of water as the patch test vehicle for some of them call for a critical evaluation of patch test reactions to preservatives. Objectives. To examine the association between test vehicle (petrolatum versus water) or the patients' age and history of atopic dermatitis, respectively, and certain patterns of reaction to preservatives. Patients/methods. Data of 34 631 patients tested in 34 centres with 11 common preservatives were retrospectively analysed. The dynamic reaction patterns, reaction indices (RIs) and positivity ratios (PRs) were statistically evaluated. Results. All preservatives yielded more crescendo reactions in older than in younger patients. For 10 of 11 preservatives, the percentage of crescendo reactions was slightly higher in patients without a history of atopic dermatitis, and for 10 of 11 agents the RI was higher in patients with a positive history of atopic dermatitis. No consistent vehicle‐related effects on reaction characteristics were found. Chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5% in water and sodium benzoate 5% in petrolatum had the lowest RIs, highest PRs, and lowest proportions of crescendo reactions. Conclusions. Water as a vehicle is unlikely to affect the reaction patterns of preservatives. The generally used patch test preparations of chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium benzoate need improvement.     

Recommendation for the collection and analysis of endometrial biopsies for hormone therapies

The assessment of endometrial safety is one of the key requirements for the clinical development of new products for hormone therapy (HT) to treat menopausal symptoms in women who have a uterus. Both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) provide detailed guidance on the requirements for the evaluation of biopsies to prove endometrial safety. However, there are some discrepancies between the European and the US requirements, making it difficult to fulfil both guidelines simultaneously. In order to facilitate multinational clinical trials performed within clinical programs to develop novel HT products, we developed an approach considering both guidance documents as far as possible and proposed solutions for issues that are inconsistently described in these guidelines. A table with the required sample sizes is given. Our recommendation for a unified approach for the estimation of the hyperplasia rate for hormone therapies fulfils the intent of the recommendations of both the FDA and the EMA and thus leads to a globally harmonized drug development for hormone therapies.