普萘洛尔对肾上腺素促大鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块进展的保护作用及其机制的研究

目的:探讨普萘洛尔对肾上腺素促大鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块进展的预防作用及其机制。方法:50只Wistar雄性大鼠经高脂喂养17周,制成动脉粥样硬化模型。随机分为对照组、肾上腺素组、普萘洛尔小剂量组、普萘洛尔中剂量组、普萘洛尔大剂量组,每组10只。所有大鼠在继续高脂喂养基础上,对照组皮下注射生理盐水0.5ml/d;肾上腺素组予肾上腺素0.5mg.kg-1.d-1皮下注射;普萘洛尔小、中、大剂量组分别予普萘洛尔2.5mg.kg-1.d-1、5mg.kg-1.d-1、7.5mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃,0.5h后皮下注射肾上腺素0.5mg.kg-1.d-1。分组处理1周,处死全部大鼠,取主动脉粥样斑块用免疫组织化学方法检测巨噬细胞(CD68)浸润及MMP-9表达。结果:肾上腺素组,CD68阳性细胞浸润及MMP-9的表达显著高于对照组;普萘洛尔小、中、大剂量组,CD68阳性细胞浸润程度及MMP-9的表达较肾上腺素组显著减少,且减少程度与普萘洛尔剂量呈正相关。结论:普萘洛尔可以减轻肾上腺素刺激后大鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块内巨噬细胞的浸润及其MMP-9表达,有延缓肾上腺素促大鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块进展的作用。     

Contrast-induced nephropathy after a second percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background Data are limited regarding the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) for patients after the second contrast exposure. Objective To examine the risk of CIN after the second contrast exposure in patients of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Patients of ACS scheduled for a second elective PCI. Patients were required to have an estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) between 15 and 60 ml/min. The value of serum creatinin (sCr) prior to the second contrast exp...     

The function of apoptosis and protein expression of bcl-2, p53 and C-myc inthe development of gastric cancer

AIM To understand the rule and possible function of apoptosis and protein expression of bcl-2, p53 and C-myc in chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, non-classic proliferation of gastric mucosa and gastric cancer.METHODS Apoptosis was detected by using in situ terminal labelling (TUNEL). The protein expression ofbcl-2, p53 and C-myc was detected by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS The indexes of apoptosis in chronic active gastritis, gastric ulcer, mild and severe non-classicproliferation of gastric mucosa, early and progressive gastric cancer were 16.8%±12.3%, 24.1%±20.0%,19.3%±16.4%, 15.7%±15.2%, 10.1%±9.1% and 6.3%±6.0%, respectively. The index of progressivegastric cancer was lower than that of early gastric cancer and non-classic proliferation of gastric mucosa(P<0.05). The positive rate of bcl-2 protein was 9.4%, 27.6%, 52.9%, 75.0%, 83.3% and 46.7%,respectively. The positive rate of bcl-2 of early gastric cancer was higher than that of progressive gastriccancer. The positive rates of p53 protein of severe non-classic proliferation, early and progressive gastriccancer were 25.0%, 33.3% and 63.3%, respectively. The positive rate of p53 of progressive gastric cancerwas higher than that of early gastric cancer and non-classic proliferation (P<0.05). In Lauren types, theindex of apoptosis, protein expression rates of bcl-2, p53 and C-myc of intestinal type were 8.3%±7.2%,38.9%, 77.7% and 56.6%, while that of diffuse type were 5.1%±4.9%, 58.3%, 50.0% and 8.3%,respectively. All markers had statistical difference between two types (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Apoptosis was inhibited stepwise in the development of non-classic proliferation of gastricmucosa to early gastric cancer and then to progressive gastric cancer. The high expression of bcl-2, p53 andC-myc was related to the development of gastric cancer, bcl-2 might play an important role in early gastriccancer while p53 and C-myc act mostly in middle and late stage gastric cancer. The Lauren typing of gastriccancer is closely related to the index of apoptosis and expression of bcl-2, p53 and C-myc.     

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体对成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病的诊断价值

目的探讨蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体（IA-2A）对成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）的诊断价值。方法采用放射配体法检测2027例初诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的IA．2A和谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体（GAD-Ab）,分析IA-2A在初诊T2DM患者中的分布及其与临床特征的关系。结果初诊T2DM患者中IA-2A阳性检出率低于GAD-Ab阳性检出率（2．2％7）S10．6％,P〈0．01）。联合GAD-Ab和IA-2A检测,可使LADA阳性检出率达11．5％。IAm2A在低体重、低c肽水平患者中阳性检出率高;随着起病年龄增大,IA-2A阳性检出率下降（P〈0．05）。与T2DM组比较,单独IA-2A阳性患者使用胰岛素治疗的比例高（P〈0．05）。高滴度IA-2A阳性LADA患者具有起病年龄小（P〈0．01）、体重轻、高血压比例低、空腹C肽低、合并GAD-Ab阳性和使用胰岛素比例高（P〈0．05）等特点。结论IA-2A检测对LA—DA具有辅助诊断价值,与GAnAb联合检测可提高LADA诊断的敏感性。     

NKT细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植中作用的临床初步研究

目的：初步观察NKT细胞在临床异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）中的作用。方法：检测15例allo-HSCT患者移植物中NKT细胞含量,研究输注细胞数与移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生的关系。结果：15例患者均获造血重建,其中13例患者发生急性GVHD（aGVHD）,包括Ⅰ度8例,Ⅱ度1例,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度4例;8例患者发生慢性GVHD（cGVHD）,其中广泛型2例,局限型6例;7例患者同时出现aGVHD及cGVHD。aGVHD发生组和无aGVHD发生组NKT细胞输注数分别为2.16（0.43-8.82）&#215;10^6/kg、7.71（0.3-15.12）&#215;10^6/kg（P〉0.05）;0-Ⅰ度和Ⅱ-Ⅳ度aGVHD组NKT细胞输注数分别为2.33（0.3-15.12）&#215;10^6/kg、1.99（0.43-8.82）&#215;10^6/kg（P〉0.05）;cGVHD发生组和无cGVHD发生组输注NKT细胞数分别为2.07（0.3-3.05）&#215;10^6/kg、2.99（0.43-15.12）&#215;10^6/kg（P〉0.05）。结论：输注NKT细胞数不影响aGVHD发生、aGVHD严重程度及cGVHD发生。     

全国人体寄生虫分布调查——人体蠕虫感染的地理分布特点和规律

我国人体蠕虫感染有明显的地理分布特点和规律，如吸虫感染呈现随水系流域分布的规律，绦虫感染随地势三级阶梯而异，土源性线虫感染随温度带、干湿区域不同而呈不同的分布。     

Effect of insulin infusion on electrocardiographic findings following acute myocardial infarction: importance of glycaemic control

Aims To determine the effects of insulin infusion and blood glucose levels during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on electrocardiographic (ECG) features of myocardial electrical activity. Methods ECGs at admission and 24 h were examined in a randomized study of insulin infusion vs. routine care for AMI patients with diabetes or hyperglycaemia. Results were analysed according to treatment allocation and also according to average blood glucose level. Results ECG characteristics were similar at admission in both groups. Patients allocated to conventional treatment had prolongation of the QT interval (QTc) after 24 h but those receiving infused insulin did not. In patients with a mean blood glucose in the first 24 h > 8.0 mmol/l, new ECG conduction abnormalities were significantly more common than in patients with mean blood glucose ≤ 8.0 mmol/l (15.0% vs. 6.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusions Prevention of QTc prolongation by administration of insulin may reflect a protective effect on metabolic and electrical activity in threatened myocardial tissue. Abnormalities of cardiac electrical conduction may also be influenced by blood glucose.     

甘肃省边远贫困地区肺结核病人DOT管理现状调查分析

目的调查边远贫困地区肺结核病人DOT管理现状,了解边远贫困地区肺结核病人DOT管理中存在的问题和影响因素。方法随机抽取2个人口在40万以上的国家级贫困县查阅2005年2006年的季报表、年报、病案等归档材料进行汇总、分析,并抽取这2个县距县城10km以上的12个乡,对2005年登记管理化疗结束的涂阳肺结核病人采用现场问卷方式调查和追访,了解病人DOT管理情况及影响因素,分析评价边远贫困地区肺结核病人DOT管理质量。结果有效的109例涂阳病人中直接面视服药率为19.3%,75.2%的病人为自服药;治愈率为41.3%,完成疗程率为38.5%, 18.4%的病人因各种原因为不规则治疗;县、乡、村3级防痨人员由于人力、时间、经济等因素不能做到直接面视规律服药;影响病人服药依从性、疗程期间查痰多为主观因素,并与病人年龄、结核病知识知晓情况、督导管理质量和频次、药物不良反应相关。结论边远贫困地区肺结核病人的DOT管理质量情况不尽人意。探索适合远贫困地区实际情况,切实可行的病人DOT管理方法,是我省边远贫困地区实施DOT策略亟待解决的问题,同时提高病人对结核病防治知晓率是提高病人规律服药的重要措施之一。     

HLA—DR2,DRB1＊0301,DQA1＊0501基因频率与肌炎及其临床表现的 …

目的：观察人类白细胞相关抗原ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ２，ＤＲＢ１＊０３０１，ＤＱＡ１＊０５０１基因频率为多发性肌炎／皮肌炎（ＰＭ／ＤＭ）发病及其临床表现的关系，方法：特异性引物聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）方法分别测定了３１例ＰＭ／ＤＭ患者及５０例正常人的ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ２，ＤＲＢ１＊０３０１及ＨＬＡ－ＤＡＱ１＊０５０１的基因频率，结果：三种基因型在３１例肌炎患得中基频率分别为：６．４５％，９．６８％和７７．４     

Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals

Mammalian sweet taste is primarily mediated by the type 1 taste receptor Tas1r2/Tas1r3, whereas Tas1r1/Tas1r3 act as the principal umami taste receptor. Bitter taste is mediated by a different group of G protein-coupled receptors, the Tas2rs, numbering 3 to ～66, depending on the species. We showed previously that the behavioral indifference of cats toward sweet-tasting compounds can be explained by the pseudogenization of the Tas1r2 gene, which encodes the Tas1r2 receptor. To examine the generality of this finding, we sequenced the entire coding region of Tas1r2 from 12 species in the order Carnivora. Seven of these nonfeline species, all of which are exclusive meat eaters, also have independently pseudogenized Tas1r2 caused by ORF-disrupting mutations. Fittingly, the purifying selection pressure is markedly relaxed in these species with a pseudogenized Tas1r2. In behavioral tests, the Asian otter (defective Tas1r2) showed no preference for sweet compounds, but the spectacled bear (intact Tas1r2) did. In addition to the inactivation of Tas1r2, we found that sea lion Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 are also pseudogenized, consistent with their unique feeding behavior, which entails swallowing food whole without chewing. The extensive loss of Tas1r receptor function is not restricted to the sea lion: the bottlenose dolphin, which evolved independently from the sea lion but displays similar feeding behavior, also has all three Tas1rs inactivated, and may also lack functional bitter receptors. These data provide strong support for the view that loss of taste receptor function in mammals is widespread and directly related to feeding specializations.