Immunogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in 17- to 19-month-old children

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in different populations of 17- to 19-month-old children in the United States. DESIGN: Four immunogenicity trials with sera were assayed in one laboratory. Trials 1 and 2 each compared one vaccine in two regions, and trials 3 and 4 were randomized comparisons of multiple vaccines within a region. SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 313 healthy children recruited from pediatric practices in Minneapolis, Minn., Dallas and Houston, Tex., and Sellersville, Pa. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Children with prevaccination antibody greater than 0.15 microgram/ml showed higher antibody responses to vaccination than children with less than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml (p less than 0.001). Among the former, there were no significant differences in antibody response to vaccination with the different conjugates within any of the trials. Among children with less than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml of antibody before vaccination, there were no significant differences in the geometric mean antibody responses of children in trial 1 vaccinated with polyribosylribitol phosphate-diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) in Dallas or in Minneapolis, or of children in trial 3 in Dallas randomly assigned to receive Hib oligosaccharide-CRM197 (HbOC) or PRP-D. In contrast, in trial 2, children given PRP-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) in Pennsylvania had a significantly higher geometric mean antibody response than children given PRP-T in Houston (13.5 vs 3.0 micrograms/ml; p = 0.005). In trial 4 in Minneapolis, the geometric mean antibody response was highest in children randomly assigned to receive PRP-outer membrane protein (OMP) (9.3 micrograms/ml), followed by PRP-D (5.0 micrograms/ml) and HbOC (2.3 micrograms/ml) (PRP-OMP vs HbOC; p = 0.005). In all four trials, IgG1 responses predominated compared with IgG2 responses. CONCLUSIONS: All four conjugate vaccines are immunogenic in children 17 to 19 months of age. However, the magnitude of the anticapsular antibody response varied by vaccine type, the level of antibody in prevaccination sera, and geographic location.     

口溃液治疗复发性口腔溃疡208例疗效观察

口溃液主要成分为三氯化铁。本品经对２０８例复发性口腔溃疡患者的临床疗效观察，总有效率为９７．１％，并具有显效迅速，作用持久、涂抹方便等优点。     

无抽搐电痉挛治疗精神分裂症的疗效观察分析

目的观察无抽搐电痉挛（Modified Electrocnvulsive therapy，MECT）治疗精神分裂症的疗效及给予次数的关系。方法将60例诊断为精神分裂症的住院患者按治疗次数随机分为两组，进行MECT的临床资料总结分析。结果治疗次数≥6次组，显效率为83．3％，次数〈6次组显效率为76．7％，两者显效率无显著性差异（P〉0．05），每组治疗前后BPRS评分有显著差异，但两组间比较无显著差异（P〉0．05），未发现严重不良反应。结论MECF安全性高，有一定疗效，与治疗次数关系不大。     

攀枝花市公共场所基本卫生状况分析

本文攀枝花市公共场所环境卫生质量进行了调查和分析。结果表明：空气中细菌总数超标８２．７％，气湿超标７１％，风速超标５４．３％，噪声超标４５．６％，ＣＯ２超标１３．６％，ＣＯ超标９％。为改善公共场所卫生质量提出了建议。     

1990年全国疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年分析

研究通过对我国１９９０年疾病监测点潜在寿命损失年（Ｙｅａｒｓｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｉｆｃｌｏｓｔ，ＹＰＬＬ）分析，得出：在我国对１～６５岁的劳动力人口的健康危害最严重的七种死因为：意外死亡、肿瘤、呼吸系疾病、感染性疾病、心血管疾病、消化系疾病和脑血管疾病。男女之间、城乡之间均有明显差别。动态变化分析可见心、脑血管疾病的危害近年来有所减少，而呼吸系疾病的危害却大大增加。提示我们应当针对上述七种主要死因采取多方面预防保健措施，同时注意不同性别、不同地区人群各有侧重点，以期更有效地保护劳动力。     

硝基化合物还原、氢化的研究 Ⅳ.用Fe~(3+)催化转移氢化3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-二氨基二苯醚

以Fe~(3+)代替Pd-C和Raney Ni为催化剂、水合肼为供氢体、3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-二氨基二苯醚为受氢体、甲醇为溶剂,进行催化转移氢化反应,产物3,3′,4,4′-四氨基二苯醚(TADPO)质量好,得率可达80%。此外,还对反应温度、时间、以及水合肼、催化剂、溶剂用量,水合肼浓度、催化剂重复使用等影响因素进行了研究,获得了较佳工艺条件。本法制得的TADPO与均苯四甲酸二酐缩聚可制得性能良好的聚眯唑吡咙。     

长沙地区孕妇CMV感染状况及其临床追踪观察

研究了７７例长沙地区孕、产妇的宫颈排毒（ＣＭＶ）情况及母、婴的免疫状态，并对宫颈排毒及ＣＭＶ一ＩｇＭ阳性的母亲所生小孩进行临床追踪。结果显示：孕妇宫颈排毒率为４．５％，抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ和抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率分别为７７％和１３％，５９例脐血ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阴性。宫颈排毒的３例其抗体检测抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ均阳性，抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ仅一例阳性。作者认为，对妊娠期活动性ＣＭＶ感染的诊断，仅检测抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ和抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ抗体滴度仍不足，尚须结合病毒分离和其它检测手段。     

类风湿性关节炎的肺部表现

本文对30例类风湿性关节炎患者中合并肺部损害的6例患者进行报道。其肺部的主要临床表现为胸痛、咳嗽、气短、长期低热及呼吸困难。体征主要为肺部干湿性罗音及胸膜摩擦音。胸部X线检查可见胸腔积液、胸膜肥厚粘连，弥漫性间质性肺纤维化、间质性肺炎。实验室检查可有嗜酸性粒细胞增高、类风湿因子阳性、血沉增快、免疫球蛋白增高等。本文并对类风湿性关节炎合并肺部病变的发生机理进行了初步探讨。