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51.
P P Saunders G R Douglas F Feldman R M Stein 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》1992,27(1):19-21
Two cases of bilateral malignant glaucoma are presented. In one case the condition developed sequentially in the two eyes; pars plana vitrectomy was eventually needed in the operated eye, whereas the condition responded to medical treatment in the fellow eye. In the second case the two eyes were involved simultaneously nearly 1 year after surgery, and the glaucoma responded to medical treatment. 相似文献
52.
Salvage radical prostatectomy after failure of curative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of prostate.
Radical prostatectomy with curative intent was performed in 13 patients with prostate cancer after local failure of radiotherapy. Of these patients, 2 underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder neck involvement by the prostatic tumor. Local recurrence had been diagnosed twenty-one to one hundred sixty-eight months (mean 65.4 months) after completion of radiotherapy (6,000-7,000 cGy; mean 6,136 cGy). Three patients had radioactive implants. Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was part of the indication for surgery in 5 patients. Complications included minor rectal injury (1 patient) and total incontinence (2/13 patients). Two patients had positive surgical margins and 6/13 patients had involvement of seminal vesicles, 2 of whom also had positive lymph nodes. The authors conclude that salvage prostatectomy is feasible after radiation failure. Transrectal ultrasound and careful monitoring of PSA after irradiation treatment may improve patient selection and minimize the risk of complications and incomplete excision. 相似文献
53.
Cyclosporin-A (CsA) has greatly influenced the outcome of organ transplantation and has also been effective in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, it has deleterious effects on bone remodelling, causing a high turnover bone loss, with bone resorption exceeding bone formation. Salmon calcitonin (SCtn) has been shown to inhibit bone resorption in high turnover states such as Paget's disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis. In an attempt to attenuate the high turnover bone remodelling caused by CsA alone, we studied the bone mineral effects of CsA in combination with SCtn in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Group A (n = 20) received vehicle as control, group B (n = 20) received CsA (15 mg/kg BW) by daily gavage and SCtn vehicle sc, group C (n = 20) received SCtn (1.3 IU/kg BW) daily sc and CsA vehicle, and group D (n = 20) received a combination of CsA and Ctn daily, as described above. Rats were bled weekly for determination of circulating biochemical bone parameters. Eight rats from each group were killed on day 14 (short term), and the remaining rats were killed on day 28 (long term). Tibiae were removed for bone histomorphometry after death, which revealed a reduction of trabecular bone volume and an increase in osteoclast number induced by CsA alone. These changes were significantly attenuated by the combination of CsA and SCtn to resemble the histomorphometry of the control group. The inhibition of osteoclast number by SCtn is the most plausible mechanism by which the combination therapy attenuates the high turnover bone loss induced by CsA alone. 相似文献
54.
Duodenoesophageal reflux and the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in rats. 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
BACKGROUND. The carcinogenic effect of duodenoesophageal reflux, gastroesophageal reflux, and nitrosamines was studied in the rat esophagus. METHODS. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent esophagogastroplasty to produce gastroesophageal reflux and 60 underwent duodenoesophageal anastomosis to produce duodenoesophageal reflux. Forty-three animals underwent no operation and acted as controls. Carcinogens known to produce squamous tumors in the rat esophagus (2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine [DMNM] or methyl-n-amylnitrosamine [MNAN]) were tested in each group. RESULTS. The rate of squamous carcinoma was 25% for rats with DMNM alone, 30% for rats with MNAN alone, and 20% for rats with induced gastroesophageal reflux plus DMNM. The rate of malignant change rose to 80% in rats with induced duodenoesophageal reflux and DMNM and 67% with duodenoesophageal reflux and MNAN. With duodenoesophageal reflux, 50% of tumors were adenocarcinoma, in contrast to 100% squamous differentiation of tumors in rats given the carcinogens with esophagogastroplasty or no operation. CONCLUSION. The presence of duodenoesophageal reflux increased the frequency and changed the histologic type of esophageal cancer in nitrosamine-treated rats. This indicates that duodenoesophageal reflux plays a role in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. 相似文献
56.
Efrat Rorman Chen Stein Zamir Irena Rilkis Hilla Ben-David 《Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)》2006,21(4):458
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the cause of toxoplasmosis. Primary infection in an immunocompetent person is usually asymptomatic. Serological surveys demonstrate that world-wide exposure to T. gondii is high (30% in US and 50–80% in Europe). Vertical transmission from a recently infected pregnant woman to her fetus may lead to congenital toxoplasmosis. The risk of such transmission increases as primary maternal infection occurs later in pregnancy. However, consequences for the fetus are more severe with transmission closer to conception. The timing of maternal primary infection is, therefore, critically linked to the clinical manifestations of the infection. Fetal infection may result in natural abortion. Often, no apparent symptoms are observed at birth and complications develop only later in life. The laboratory methods of assessing fetal risk of T. gondii infection are serology and direct tests.Screening programs for women at childbearing age or of the newborn, as well as education of the public regarding infection prevention, proved to be cost-effective and reduce the rate of infection.The impact of antiparasytic therapy on vertical transmission from mother to fetus is still controversial. However, specific therapy is recommended to be initiated as soon as infection is diagnosed. 相似文献
57.
The NOD mouse develops immune-mediated diabetes mellitus characterized by T cell infiltration and destruction of pancreatic islet tissue. We wished to determine whether one contributing factor was an abnormality of the NOD pancreas that caused it to elicit an attack by NOD T cells. Therefore we constructed mice that had an NOD immune system and a non-NOD host pancreas. We found that these animals with only an NOD immune system developed both insulitis and diabetes in their non-NOD pancreas. We conclude that the NOD pancreas is not unique in its ability to elicit an autoimmune attack from NOD T cells. 相似文献
58.
A recent survey of antibiotic prophylaxis found that local practice often differed from that recommended by authoritative bodies such as the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Practitioners found the subject confusing and requested guidance. For these reasons we present current recommendations. Unfortunately all recommendations are based on animal studies and an understanding of the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis in humans. There are no controlled trials in humans on which to base guidelines, so rigidity is inappropriate. It is also important to realise that optimal prophylaxis will not eliminate bacterial endocarditis. In developed countries it has been estimated that only 10% of cases of endocarditis are theoretically preventable. 相似文献
59.
60.
S A Boyd A K Fung W R Baker R A Mantei Y L Armiger H H Stein J Cohen D A Egan J L Barlow V Klinghofer 《Journal of medicinal chemistry》1992,35(10):1735-1746
We describe the development of a series of soluble, potent, and bioavailable nonpeptide renin inhibitors. These inhibitors derived from a series of novel nonpeptide renin inhibitors which were recently identified in our laboratories, by alteration of the nature of the C-terminus (P2') of the molecules. Introduction of basic substituents into modified hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres gave inhibitors with improved solubility as well as improved potency against human plasma renin. In addition, these modifications produced inhibitors which displayed markedly improved intraduodenal bioavailability in both the ferret and cynomolgus monkey. We also present data which demonstrate excellent efficacy in the monkey for A-74273 (65), with an intraduodenal bioavailability of 16 +/- 4% in the monkey, compared to 1.7 +/- 0.5% for the dipeptide renin inhibitor enalkiren (A-64662, 75). A-74273 is an example of a nonpeptide inhibitor which possesses a good balance of the desirable properties of potency, solubility, and lipophilicity and which is well absorbed into the intestine. 相似文献