B超诊断老年性白内障及合并症价值

０引言老年性白内障严重影响着老年人的生活质量．手术是根治本病的最佳方法．现将我院１９９８－０１～１９９８－１１经Ｂ超检查并经手术证实的１２９例,共２５８只眼,２２３只老年性白内障的结果及声像图特点报告如下．旨在探讨Ｂ超在诊断该病中的应用价值及对手术的...     

German translation and external validation of the Radboud Skills Questionnaire in patients suffering from Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1

Background  

Patients suffering from Complex Regional Pain Syndrome commonly complain of substantial limitations in their activities of daily living. The Radboud Skills Questionnaire measures alterations in the level of disability of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, but this instrument is currently not available in German. The goals of our study were to translate the Dutch Radboud Skills Questionnaire into German and to assess its external criterion validity with the German version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire.     

Is periprostatic adipose tissue associated with aggressive tumor biology in prostate cancer?

The prevalence of overweight and obesity and their health-related problems have been increasing.Obesity is increasingly recognized as a risk factor in different types of cancer in humans.The mechanisms supporting the link between obesity and cancer development have not been fully understood.Leptin,a circulating cytokine produced by adipocytes,may influence prostate cancer(PCa)progression in different ways.Body mass index seems to be an unreliable predictor for the development of PCa,but its influence on progression and poor oncological outcomes seems to be clear.Given the fact that abdominal fat is the most metabolically active fat,with different metabolic and paracrine effects,related anthropometric measurements may lead to a better estimation of PCa risk.Metabolically active periprostatic abdominal fat may also play an important role in releasing cytokines and growth factors that may promote tumor cell proliferation or even create a favorable environment for aggressive tumor biology.Different imaging measurements,e.g.,periprostatic adipose tissue(PPAT)thickness,may be significant predictors of PCa.Several genes in the PPAT of obese men have been identified to contribute to chronic immuno-inflammatory responses which eventually lead to cell cycle alterationwith oncological potential.In vitro studies showed the importance of PCa and its interaction with its microenvironment particularly in patients with aggressive PCa.Different types of cytokines,such as interleukin-6,may promote a tumorigenic microenvironment.This article endeavors to review the current literature on the association of PPAT with aggressive tumor biology in PCa.     

Hereditary angioedema controlled with danazol. Report of a case.

Hereditary angioedema is a condition which should be approached with caution and concern for the patient. The fact that the disease can be fatal cannot be overemphasized. The routine medical history should include questions aimed at identifying these patients. If the angioedema patient is to be treated, provisions must be made for maintenance of an adequate airway. This should include intubation if deemed necessary, and the practitioner should be prepared for a tracheostomy. Close observation following extubation is indicated. A case report in which the patient was controlled with danazol, a synthetic androgen, has been presented. The primary advantage of this drug is a decrease in the various side effects which have been associated with other therapeutic agents used previously in the treatment of hereditary angioedema.     

Causality and functional relevance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in non-high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas

The identification of causal BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) aids the selection of patients for genetic counselling and treatment decision-making. Current recommendations therefore stress sequencing of all EOCs, regardless of histotype. Although it is recognised that BRCA1/2 PVs cluster in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), this view is largely unsubstantiated by detailed analysis. Here, we aimed to analyse the results of BRCA1/2 tumour sequencing in a centrally revised, consecutive, prospective series including all EOC histotypes. Sequencing of n = 946 EOCs revealed BRCA1/2 PVs in 125 samples (13%), only eight of which were found in non-HGSOC histotypes. Specifically, BRCA1/2 PVs were identified in high-grade endometrioid (3/20; 15%), low-grade endometrioid (1/40; 2.5%), low-grade serous (3/67; 4.5%), and clear cell (1/64; 1.6%) EOCs. No PVs were identified in any mucinous ovarian carcinomas tested. By re-evaluation and using loss of heterozygosity and homologous recombination deficiency analyses, we then assessed: (1) whether the eight ‘anomalous’ cases were potentially histologically misclassified and (2) whether the identified variants were likely causal in carcinogenesis. The first ‘anomalous’ non-HGSOC with a BRCA1/2 PV proved to be a misdiagnosed HGSOC. Next, germline BRCA2 variants, found in two p53-abnormal high-grade endometrioid tumours, showed substantial evidence supporting causality. One additional, likely causal variant, found in a p53-wildtype low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, was of somatic origin. The remaining cases showed retention of the BRCA1/2 wildtype allele, suggestive of non-causal secondary passenger variants. We conclude that likely causal BRCA1/2 variants are present in high-grade endometrioid tumours but are absent from the other EOC histotypes tested. Although the findings require validation, these results seem to justify a transition from universal to histotype-directed sequencing. Furthermore, in-depth functional analysis of tumours harbouring BRCA1/2 variants combined with detailed revision of cancer histotypes can serve as a model in other BRCA1/2-related cancers. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.