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41.
Happei Miyakawa Jian Liu Osamu Noguchi Fumiaki Marumo Chifumi Sato 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1996,20(S9):297A-300A
O6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a repair protein that transfers methyl groups from O6 -methylguanine to a cysteine acceptor in its own molecule, and restores DNA to its undamaged state. If left unrepaired, O6 -methylguanine can pair with either a thymine or a cytosine, causing a C-G to T-A transition, which is considered to be one of the molecular mechanisms of both mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The expression of MGMT mRNA in liver tissue was quantitatively assessed by the competitive reverse transcrip-tion-polymerase chain reaction method in patients with chronic liver diseases with or without alcohol drinking. MGMT mRNA expression was 1.4 ± 0.9 pg/μg RNA in control livers. Its expression in chronic hepatitis was 3.8 ± 0.7 in alcoholics and 2.7 ± 0.8 in nonalcoholics, which were not statistically different. MGMT mRNA expression in liver cirrhosis was significantly low, compared with that in chronic hepatitis, and 0.8 ± 0.3 in alcoholics and 0.5 ± 0.1 in nonalcoholics, which also were not significantly different. The present study shows that MGMT mRNA was not decreased in patients with chronic liver diseases with alcohol drinking, compared with those without alcohol drinking. 相似文献
42.
Shigeru Kuratani Noritaka Adachi Naoyuki Wada Yasuhiro Oisi Fumiaki Sugahara 《Journal of anatomy》2013,222(1):41-55
The cephalic neural crest produces streams of migrating cells that populate pharyngeal arches and a more rostral, premandibular domain, to give rise to an extensive ectomesenchyme in the embryonic vertebrate head. The crest cells forming the trigeminal stream are the major source of the craniofacial skeleton; however, there is no clear distinction between the mandibular arch and the premandibular domain in this ectomesenchyme. The question regarding the evolution of the gnathostome jaw is, in part, a question about the differentiation of the mandibular arch, the rostralmost component of the pharynx, and in part a question about the developmental fate of the premandibular domain. We address the developmental definition of the mandibular arch in connection with the developmental origin of the trabeculae, paired cartilaginous elements generally believed to develop in the premandibular domain, and also of enigmatic cartilaginous elements called polar cartilages. Based on comparative embryology, we propose that the mandibular arch ectomesenchyme in gnathostomes can be defined as a Dlx1-positive domain, and that the polar cartilages, which develop from the Dlx1-negative premandibular ectomesenchyme, would represent merely posterior parts of the trabeculae. We also show, in the lamprey embryo, early migration of mandibular arch mesenchyme into the premandibular domain, and propose an updated version of the heterotopy theory on the origin of the jaw. 相似文献
43.
Hideya Yamazaki Koji Masui Daisuke Shimizu Gen Suzuki Fumiaki Isohashi Ken yoshida 《Brachytherapy》2021,20(1):226-231
PurposeThis study aimed to explore the current status and pattern of practice for reirradiation using brachytherapy (ReRT-BT) through a survey in Japan.Materials and MethodsWe distributed an e-mail-based questionnaire to 153 institutions equipped with high-dose-rate brachytherapy facilities.ResultsWe received responses from 76 institutions (49.7%). Forty-three of these institutions performed ReRT-BT and 42 institutions (55%) performed ReRT-BT during 2009–2018. However, 29 of the 42 institutions (69%) reported difficulty in obtaining ReRT-BT case information from their respective databases. Almost all the institutions encountered insufficient database system to extract details about the ReRT-BT cases. Responses from 33 institutions included the number of ReRT-BT cases; this increased from 90 in the period 2009–2013 (institution median = 0.5; 0–16) to 172 in the period 2014–2018 (institution median = 2; 0–26). Nine institutions had to perform ReRT-BT for more than one case per year. The major location for cancer treatment was the pelvis (94%), followed by the head and neck (5%) and others (1%). In six site-specific scenarios, barring uterine corpus cancer recurrence, more than 90% of radiation oncologists agreed to perform ReRT-BT, whereas other areas (head and neck, prostate, and rectal cancer) gained 16–37% agreement.ConclusionsThis decade saw an increase in the number of ReRT-BT cases in Japan and radiation oncologists’ interest in ReRT-BT as a viable therapeutic option. However, scarce availability, immature education system, and insufficient database system are barriers to further consensus building. 相似文献
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47.
Haruka Fujita Takaaki Murakami Fumiaki Tomoike Daisuke Yabe Nobuya Inagaki 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2020,11(3):726-730
Genetic rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase contribute to the pathogenesis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer; the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, ceritinib, is widely used, as it is effective even in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer resistant to other anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Although a case of possible ceritinib‐induced hyperglycemia was reported, the association of ceritinib with hyperglycemia remains to be investigated. Disproportionality analysis was carried out using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, which contains all pharmacovigilance data based on spontaneous reports of adverse events between April 2004 and November 2018 to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. The reporting odds ratio of ceritinib for hyperglycemia was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–4.08], whereas those of crizotinib and alectinib were 0.07 (95% CI 0.01–0.40) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.30–2.94), respectively. Among reported events without antidiabetes agent use, the reporting odds ratio of ceritinib was still 2.54 (95% CI 1.27–5.12). Thus, the possibility of hyperglycemia should be carefully monitored in patients receiving ceritinib. 相似文献
48.
Yuki Kai Momoko Motegi Yuta Suzuki Hiroto Takeuchi Yui Harada Fumiaki Sato Yoshihiko Chiba Junzo Kamei Hiroyasu Sakai 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》2019,125(1):8-15
There has been considerable research on the involvement of RhoA/Rho kinase signalling in smooth muscle contractions. However, only a few reports have addressed the specific role of Rac1, which is a member of the Rho GTPase superfamily. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Rac1‐related pathways in bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contractions. Bronchial rings isolated from mice were suspended in an organ bath, and the isometric contractions of circular smooth muscles were monitored. The phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLCs) was analysed by immunoblotting. The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 inhibited carbachol (CCh)‐induced BSM contractions, although high K+ depolarization‐induced BSM contractions were not significantly attenuated by EHT1864. Moreover, high K+‐ and phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu; PKC activator)‐induced contractions were not attenuated by Rac1 inhibition, whereas sodium fluoride (NaF)‐induced force development was inhibited by EHT1864. The gene and protein expression of Rac1 was increased in the BSM of a murine model with antigen‐induced airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR). In addition, an increased force of the BSM contractions in AHR was suppressed by EHT1864 treatment, suggesting that the up‐regulation of Rac1 is involved in AHR. These findings suggest that an increase in Rac1‐mediated signalling is involved in the augmented contractions of BSMs in antigen‐induced AHR mice. 相似文献
49.
N Ishimura Y Amano JD Sollano Q Zhu U Kachintorn AA Rani KB Hahm S Takahashi T Arakawa T Joh T Matsumoto Y Naito H Suzuki F Ueno S Fukudo Y Fujiwara T Kamiya K Uchiyama Y Kinoshita 《Digestion》2012,86(2):136-146
Background/Aims: Endoscopic definitions and management of Barrett's esophagus vary widely among countries. To examine the current situation regarding diagnosis, epidemiology, management and treatment of Barrett's esophagus in East Asian countries using a questionnaire-based survey. Methods: Representative members of the Committee of the International Gastrointestinal Consensus Symposium developed and sent a questionnaire to major institutions in China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Results: A total of 56 institutions in the 6 countries participated in the survey. We found that the presence of specialized columnar metaplasia is considered to be important for diagnosing Barrett's esophagus in East Asian countries except for Japan. C&M criteria have not been well accepted in East Asia. The palisade vessels are mainly used as a landmark for the esophagogastric junction in Japan. The prevalence of long segment Barrett's esophagus is extremely low in East Asia, while the prevalence of short segment Barrett's esophagus is very high only in Japan, likely due to different diagnostic criteria. Conclusion: Among East Asian countries, we found both similarities and differences regarding diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus. The findings in the present survey are helpful to understand the current situation of Barrett's esophagus in East Asian countries. 相似文献
50.
Yumoto F Nguyen P Sablin EP Baxter JD Webb P Fletterick RJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(1):143-148
We report the three-dimensional structure of a β-catenin armadillo repeat in complex with the liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) ligand binding domain at 2.8 Å resolution as the first structure of β-catenin in complex with any nuclear receptor. The surface of β-catenin that binds LRH-1 partly overlaps defined contact sites for peptide segments of β-catenin partners, including T-cell factor-4. The surface of LRH-1 that engages β-catenin is comprised of helices 1, 9, and 10 and is distinct from known interaction surfaces of LRH-1, including corepressor and coactivator binding sites. Targeted mutagenesis of amino acids forming both sides of the LRH-1/β-catenin interface reveals that they are essential for stable interactions between these proteins in solution. The LRH-1 binding site in β-catenin is also required for association with androgen receptor, providing evidence that the observed LRH-1/β-catenin interaction may be prototypic. 相似文献