二尖瓣成形测瓣器的研制和临床应用

目的为在二尖瓣成形术中准确迅速判断瓣环和瓣叶病损的部位及程度,提高二尖瓣成形术的成功率。方法解剖测量30例国人正常新鲜心脏的二尖瓣,术中观察二尖瓣病理变化特点后研制了一种新型二尖瓣成形测瓣器。结果用测瓣器行二尖瓣成形术35例,成形手术时间由原来的(57±11)min减少到(35±15)min,手术死亡率由11％下降到3．3％。结论使用此种测瓣器可使二尖瓣成形术省时、准确,成功率明显提高。     

Tomography versus computed tomography for assessing step off in intraarticular distal radial fractures

Computed tomography scans have supplanted conventional tomography for many applications and often are considered the imaging study of choice for assessing intraarticular distal radial fractures. Concern about cost containment in healthcare delivery prompts the question of whether the two studies provide comparable information and at what cost. Common intraarticular distal radial fractures were created in 12 lightly embalmed cadaveric specimens. The fractures were fixed with radiolucent Kirschner wires. Articular step off was measured with a caliper. Plain radiographs, computed tomography scans, and trispiral tomograms were obtained of each specimen. Maximal step off was measured blindly by two musculoskeletal radiologists and four hand surgeons. The radiographic measurements were compared with the actual step off and expressed as a positive or negative deviation from the actual value. There was no statistically significant difference between computed tomography scans and tomograms in predicting step off. In addition, the difference between actual and radiographic measurements was insignificant in tomogram readings and different in one of the computed tomography measurements. In the authors' institution, a tomogram costs $200, and a computed tomography scan costs $562. Trispiral tomography is more accurate and cost effective than computed tomography, and thus when available should be considered the imaging modality of choice for assessing articular step off in distal radius fractures.     

Tumor antigenicity and the immune system in gynecological cancer: a review

A review of tumor immunology with particular emphasis on three gynecological malignancies, gestational trophoblastic disease, uterine cervical carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma. Commentary includes the immune reactive cells and their functions as determined by in vitro and in vivo tests; serum and tissue antigen markers; and effects on the immune response of ionizing radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy.     

Nutrition research in the People's Republic of China

According to Mellander (1973), childhood malnutrition has been eliminated in the People's Republic of China, without recourse to international conferences, unusual protein sources, systems analysis, and apparently no applied nutrition programmes. The secret? "A genuine family level approach, providing simple food and simple advise to all families on a basis of absolute administrative priority for prevention in health services and in medical and paramedical education".