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81.
Christelle Maillart Marie-Anne Schelstraete Michel Hupet 《J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.》2004,47(1):187-198
The present research examined the quality of the phonological representations of French children with specific language impairment (SLI) and those with normal language development (NLD). Twenty-five children with SLI and 50 children with NLD matched on lexical age level participated in an auditory lexical decision task. The observations gathered in our study can be summarized as follows. First, children with a higher receptive lexical level performed better, and this was true both for children with NLD and children with SLI. Second, both children with NLD and those with SLI were more likely to reject pseudowords resulting from a modification affecting the number of syllables of a word than pseudowords resulting from a slight modification with the number of syllables unchanged. This difference, however, was greater for the children with SLI, who appeared to have much difficulty rejecting pseudowords resulting from slight modifications. Finally, the performance of children with SLI was particularly poor when presented with pseudowords resulting from a slight modification at the beginning or the end of a word. These findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of an under-specification of phonological representations in children with SLI. 相似文献
82.
David M Spiegel Beverly Farmer Gerard Smits Michel Chonchol 《Journal of renal nutrition》2007,17(6):416-422
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing magnesium carbonate/calcium carbonate versus calcium acetate as a sole phosphate binder. SETTING: This study involved outpatient hemodialysis. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 30 stable hemodialysis patients without a history of frequent diarrhea. INTERVENTION: After receiving informed consent, we randomized patients 2:1 to magnesium carbonate versus calcium acetate. The dose of each binder was titrated to achieve the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) phosphate target of <5.5 mg/dL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The efficacy-phase serum phosphorus concentration and the percentage of patients meeting K-DOQI targets for phosphorus, along with the daily elemental calcium intake, were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS: Magnesium carbonate provided equal control of serum phosphorus (70.6% of the magnebind group and 62.5% of the calcium acetate group had their average serum phosphorus within the K-DOQI target during the efficacy phase), while significantly reducing daily elemental calcium ingestion from phosphate binders (908 +/- 24 vs. 1743 +/- 37 mg/day, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Magnesium carbonate was generally well-tolerated in this selected patient population, and was effective in controlling serum phosphorus while reducing elemental calcium ingestion. 相似文献
83.
Bertrand Marcheix Yoan Lamarche Pierre Perrault Raymond Cartier Denis Bouchard Michel Carrier Louis P. Perrault Philippe Demers 《European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery》2007,31(6):1004-1007
Objective: Whatever the surgical technique used, false aneurysm formation is one of the long-term complications of repair of aortic coarctation. Conservative management is associated with a 100% rate of rupture. The conventional surgical approach is complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We report our experience of endovascular management of pseudo-aneurysms after previous surgical repair of congenital aortic coarctation. Methods: Between October 2005 and 2006, stent-grafting of pseudo-aneurysms after previous surgical repair of congenital aortic coarctation was performed in four patients. Median age was 31.5 years (range: 24–38). Two patients had undergone two previous interventions. The last previous surgery consisted of graft interposition (N = 2), subclavian flap aortoplasty (N = 1) and aorto-aortic bypass (N = 1). Median size of the pseudo-aneurysm was 31.5 mm (range: 20–58). Mean time between the last surgery and endovascular treatment was 24 years (range: 3–32). One patient was treated emergently because of hemoptysis in relation with an aorto-bronchial fistula, the three other patients were treated electively. A transfemoral approach was used in all patients. The Zenith TX2® (Cook) thoracic stent-graft was used in all the patients, one patient underwent previous dilatation at the coarctation level. When present, the ostium of the left subclavian artery was always covered (N = 3). Results: No major complication occurred during the procedure and no patient died during the follow-up. One patient presented a type II endoleak which spontaneously healed during the first month. Another patient with his left subclavian artery covered presented claudication of the left arm requiring a carotid-subclavian bypass. After a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range: 1–12.9), the patients were asymptomatic and CT scans demonstrated complete exclusion of all treated postcoarctation aneurysms without recoarctation and without any stent-graft-related complication. Conclusions: The endovascular management of pseudo-aneurysms after previous surgical repair of congenital aortic coarctation is feasible. This approach was safe and effective. Long-term clinic and imaging follow-up is mandatory. 相似文献
84.
Improvement in quality of life after initiation of lamotrigine therapy in patients with epilepsy in a naturalistic treatment setting. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hervé Allain Stéphane Schück Fatima Nachit-Ouinekh Perrine Plouin Anne-Marie Brunon Jacques Boulliat Florence Mercier Alain Slama Michel Baulac Abdelkader El Hasnaoui 《Seizure》2007,16(2):173-184
Quality of life is impaired in patients with epilepsy and can be improved by effective therapy. Randomised clinical trials have shown that lamotrigine treatment is associated with improved quality of life. However, little information is available on quality of life or treatment effects in patients with epilepsy in the general population. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of lamotrigine on quality of life in a naturalistic treatment setting. The study included adult patients with epilepsy in whom lamotrigine therapy was initiated. Each subject completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE)-31 quality of life questionnaire at inclusion and at a follow-up visit in the next 4 months. Demographic information and medical history were provided by the investigator. These were evaluated as potential determinants of change in quality of life using logistic regression. Three hundred and forty-one patients were evaluated, 192 starting lamotrigine in combination with another drug, 90 as a first-line monotherapy, 45 as a switch from another drug and 14 as a reduction to monotherapy from a previous combination. Baseline scores on the QOLIE-31 ranged from 53.8 in the combination group to 69.5 in the first-line group. 34.6% of patients were considered to be responders, with no significant differences between treatment regimen. Most improvement was seen for the energy-fatigue and medication effects subscales and, for the first-line group, seizure worry. Seizure type was the only determinant of improvement of quality of life identified. In conclusion, lamotrigine treatment is associated with improved quality of life, regardless of treatment regimen. 相似文献
85.
Mano J. Thubrikar Michel R. Labrosse Kenton J. Zehr Francis Robicsek Geoffrey G. Gong Brett L. Fowler 《European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery》2005,28(6):850-855
Objective: Valve-sparing surgery can be used in patients with dilated aortic roots and aortic insufficiency (AI) but has not become a common practice, in part because the spared valve may be incompetent. Our goal was to study how the dimensions of the aortic root and leaflets have changed in such patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with dilated aortic root and AI were examined by transesophageal echocardiography. The annulus diameter, sinotubular junction (STJ) diameter, sinus height, leaflet free-edge length, and leaflet height were measured. Correlations among these dimensions and with the AI grades were explored. Measurements were also made in 19 normal human aortic valves from silicone molds. Results: There was no evident change in the average diameter of the annulus between the normal valves and those in the dilated aortic roots. The STJ diameter was obviously increased in the dilated aortic roots; the aortic sinuses also appeared to be taller and the leaflets larger than normal. The leaflet free-edge length, the leaflet height, and the sinus height were found to increase with the dilated STJ diameter. The degree of AI was not found to correlate well with any of the dimensions measured. Conclusions: The dimensions of the leaflets may change parallel to aortic root dilatation with AI. Therefore, during valve sparing, it may be necessary to correct both the dilatation of the root and the leaflet free-edge length to achieve a competent valve. 相似文献
86.
George Karpati Djordje Ajdukovic Douglas Arnold Robert B. Gledhill Ronald Guttmann Paul Holland Penelope A. Koch Eric Shoubridge Desmond Spence Michel Vanasse Gordon V. Watters Michael Abrahamowicz Catherine Duff Ronald G. Worton 《Annals of neurology》1993,34(1):8-17
One biceps muscle of 8 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was injected at 55 sites with a total of 55 million viable, purified, and contamination-free normal myoblasts (myoblast transfer). The other biceps of each patient was injected with a placebo to serve as a control. The procedure was blinded to the patients, parents, and investigators. Myoblasts derived from a biopsy specimen of the fathers were cultured and purified under strict conditions and carefully screened for microbial contamination. All patients received cyclophosphamide for immunosuppression for 6 or 12 months. No serious complications were observed after myoblast transfer, indicating that the procedure is safe. The overall therapeutic efficiency of myoblast transfer was poor as judged by the results in maximal voluntary force generation, dystrophin content of the muscle, magnetic resonance imaging of the muscle, and the lack of donor-derived DNA and dystrophin messenger RNA in the injected muscle. An improved efficiency of the take of myoblasts might be achieved by using younger cells and injecting the myoblasts with a myonecrotic agent (to increase the prevalence of regeneration) and a basal laminal fenestrating agent. 相似文献
87.
Marlon Normandin Joel Gagn Julie Bernard Robert lie Dom Miceli Michel Baudry Guy Massicotte 《Brain research》1996,730(1-2):40-46
Low-frequency stimulation is associated with long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy in various brain structures. Like long-term potentiation (LTP), homosynaptic LTD in area CA1 of the hippocampus appears to require NMDA receptor activation, changes in postsynaptic calcium concentration and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation. Arachidonic acid (AA) is released after the activation of calcium-dependent phospholipases and free AA is rapidly metabolized to a family of bioactive products (the eicosanoids) which are thought to be both intracellular and extracellular messengers. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism in the formation of homosynaptic LTD in the rat hippocampus. Stimulation at 1 Hz for 15 min was used to produce homosynaptic depression in area CA1 of hippocampal slices. LTD induction was partially blocked by bromophenacyl bromide (50–100 μM), a selective PLA2 inhibitor, and by the a nonselective lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; 100 μM). In contrast, the specific cyclooxygenase blocker indomethacin (100 μM) did not significantly reduce hippocampal LTD. Since NDGA interferes with LTD formation, we examined whether specific inhibitors of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases were capable of blocking LTD expression. The 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein at a concentration of 50 μM reduced LTP formation when given in the bath, an effect that was less pronounced with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861. These data suggest that the activation of endogenous PLA2 and the formation of 12-lipoxygenase metabolites of AA may be important factors controlling the expression of hippocampal LTD. 相似文献
88.
We have investigated the distribution of vasopressin binding sites in the brain of male and female adult mice using a radio-iodinated ligand and film autoradiography. Vasopressin receptors were uncovered in various regions of the brain including the basal nucleus of Meynert, the substantia innominata, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the substantia nigra pars compacta and the hypoglossal nucleus. A sex-related difference in the expression of vasopressin receptors was seen in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus corresponding to the rat sexually dimorphic nucleus in the rat and in the hypothalamic mammillary nuclei. In both structures the autoradiographic labeling is more intense in females than in males. These observations confirm that vasopressin binding sites are present in the hypothalamic preoptic area of most species examined so far and that sex-related expression of neuropeptide receptors could trigger sex-related behavioral differences. 相似文献
89.
So far, laparoscopic approaches to kidney and adrenal have been limited because of their retroperitoneal location. We here report eight renal and adrenal endoscopic procedures performed in seven patients: two adrenalectomies for hyperaldosteronism, one adrenalectomy for isolated metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of the lung; two nephrectomies for end-stage infected hydronephrosis, two partial nephrectomies for small circumscribed lesions of the kidney, and one endoscopic resection for pain relief of a voluminous cyst at the kidney. The approach was transperitoneal in two cases and retroperitoneal in five cases using the retropneumoperitoneum insufflation technique. One patient was operated by a combined approach using the retro- and transperitoneal routes. All procedures were successfully completed endoscopically. The retroperitoneoscopic approach of the kidney is safe and does not interfere with the peritoneal organs. Its working space is tenuous, but allows a direct access on the kidney with good exposure of its pedicle. For adrenal surgery, the retroperitoneoscopic dissection is more difficult, because movements of instruments are often impaired by the closeness of the costal margin and the iliac crest. However, in case of difficulties we found it very convenient to switch from a retroperitoneal endoscopic approach to a combined coelioscopic and retroperitoneoscopic operation. Far from excluding each other, both approaches are complementary, particularly for difficult situations (i.e., previous peritoneal or retroperitoneal surgery). 相似文献
90.
The binding of [3H]4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide to longitudinal ileal smooth muscle muscarinic receptors 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Muscarinic receptors present in longitudinal ileum were characterized using the non-selective radioligand [3H]N-methylscopolamine [( 3H]NMS) and the M3 selective radioligand [3H]4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide [( 3H]4DAMP). In saturation studies, [3H]4DAMP, but not [3H]NMS, identified two populations of binding sites with 17% of the sites (155 fmol/mg protein) displaying high affinity (Kd = 0.39 nM) for [3H]4DAMP and the remaining sites displaying low affinity for the radioligand (Kd = 4.43 nM). In competition studies gallamine and methoctramine, but not AF-DX 116, identified two populations of [3H]NMS binding sites. Affinity estimates for gallamine and methoctramine indicated that 80% of the [3H]NMS binding sites were of the M2 subtype. The minor population of [3H]NMS binding sites could not be readily characterized, due partly to the low selectivity of the competing ligands and also to the relatively low density of the sites. In studies using the M3 muscarinic receptor selective radioligand [3H]4DAMP, the minor population of sites could be preferentially labeled by using a low concentration (0.4 nM) of [3H]4DAMP. Under these conditions, [3H]4DAMP labeled approximately equal levels of the two muscarinic receptor binding sites present in the ileum. Competition studies with AF-DX 116, gallamine and methoctramine indicated that the two [3H]4DAMP binding sites displayed the pharmacology expected of the M2 and M3 receptors, respectively. These results provide additional evidence that longitudinal ileal smooth muscle membranes contain both M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and indicate that [3H]4DAMP is a useful ligand for identifying heterogeneity of muscarinic receptor subtypes. 相似文献