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81.
A 50-kDa membrane protein mediates sialic acid-independent binding and infection of conjunctival cells by adenovirus type 37 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The ocular tropism of adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) does not correlate with the wide distribution of the 46-kDa coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), the major receptor for most adenovirus serotypes. We previously found that Ad37 infects and binds well to conjunctival cells (Chang C), but poorly to lung epithelial (A549) cells that express CAR and hypothesized that this serotype uses a distinct receptor that is selectively expressed on conjunctival cells. To test this, we produced particles of a fiber-deleted Ad5 vector containing the Ad37 fiber protein. The "pseudotyped" vector infected Chang C cells better than A549 cells using a CAR-independent pathway. Ad37 binding was calcium-dependent and was abolished by protease digestion of cell surface proteins. Using a virus overlay protein blot assay (VOPBA), we detected calcium-dependent Ad37 binding to 50- and 60-kDa membrane proteins on permissive Chang C cells. In contrast, calcium-dependent binding was detected with only the 60-kDa protein on nonpermissive A549 cells. Ad19p, a closely related serotype that failed to bind to conjunctival cells, recognized the 60-kDa, but not the 50-kDa, protein. Ad37 has been reported to use sialic acid instead of CAR as a cell receptor on A549 cells. Pretreatment of Chang C cells with neuraminidase abolished Ad37 binding to only the 60-kDa protein, suggesting that sialic acid mediates Ad37 binding to the 60-kDa protein. The pseudotyped Ad37 vector was also able to infect neuraminidase-treated Chang C cells. Thus, subgroup D adenoviral binding to the 50-kDa protein is calcium-dependent and cell type- and serotype-specific, whereas binding to the 60-kDa protein is not necessary for infection of conjunctival cells. Together, these data suggest that the 50-kDa protein is the major receptor for Ad37 on conjunctival cells. 相似文献
82.
83.
GD Cramer DJ Allen LJA DiDio W Potvin R Brinker 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》1990,12(4):287-290
Summary Accurate volume determination of the encephalic ventricles is of importance in several clinical conditions, including Alzheimer's presenile dementia, schizophrenia, and benign intracranial hypertension. Previous studies have investigated the accuracy with which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the encephalic ventricles. However, adequate evaluation of pathological conditions depends on a sufficient amount of morphometric data from normal subjects. To begin establishing this data base for normal subjects, we evaluated the MRI scans of 38 subjects found to have no apparent pathology and calculated the ventricular volume in each case by using methods previously developed in our laboratory. The results were then compared with published volumes determined from studies that used either ventricular casts or computerized tomographic scans. The average total ventricular volume for all 38 subjects was 17.4 cm3, while that for males was 16.3 cm3 and that for females was 18.0 cm3. A small but significant correlation was found between age of subject and ventricular volume, with ventricular size increasing with age.
Evaluation du volume des ventricules cérébraux à partir des images obtenues en résonance magnétique nucléaire chez 38 sujets humains
Résumé La détermination exacte du volume des ventricules cérébraux est importante en clinique comme par exemple dans la démence présénile d'Alzheimer, la schizophrénie et l'hypertension intracrânienne bénigne. Des études antérieures ont étudié la fiabilité de la résonance magnétique nucléaire en pratique clinique pour évaluer le volume des ventricules cérébraux. Toutefois une évaluation correcte dans les conditions pathologiques implique une bonne connaissance des données morphométriques du sujet normal. Pour établir ces données sur « le sujet normal », nous avons étudié les coupes obtenues en IRM chez 38 sujets apparemment indemnes de toute pathologie; nous avons calculé le volume ventriculaire dans chaque cas en utilisant des méthodes mises au point auparavant dans notre laboratoire. Les résultats ont été ensuite comparés avec ceux obtenus par d'autres études utilisant soit des moules ventriculaires, soit des coupes tomographiques computérisées. Le volume ventriculaire total moyen chez 38 sujets est de 17,4 cm3, mais il est chez les sujets masculins de 16,3 cm3 et chez les sujets de sexe féminin de 18 cm3. Une corrélation faible mais significative a été trouvée entre l'âge du sujet et le volume ventriculaire, étant entendu que la taille du ventricule augmente avec l'âge.相似文献
84.
Summary of complementation groups of UV-sensitive CHO cell mutants isolated by large-scale screening 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Busch David; Greiner Carol; Lewis Kathy; Ford Ruth; Adair Gerald; Thompson Larry 《Mutagenesis》1989,4(5):349-354
A summary is given for the lineage and complementation groupassignments of 153 UV-sensitive mutants of the CHO AA8 cellline. The distribution of mutants among six complementationgroups was highly non-random, with the great majority of theisolates belonging to groups 1 and 2. This asymmetry is consistentwith the known hemizygosity of these two linked loci in CHOcells. The relative numbers of mutants induced in group 2 wasfound to depend greatly on the type of mutagen used. Mutagenesiswith UV radiation, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine and 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthraceneproduced high frequencies of group 2 mutants. In contrast, ICR170and ICR191, which are thought to produce mostly frameshift mutations,yielded very few mutants in group 2. These results are of particularimportance in light of the recent finding that the human ERCC2gene, which corrects group 2 mutants, has very strong homologywith the yeast gene RAD3. RAD3 is an essential gene for viabilityin yeast, and the low recovery of group 2 mutants using theframeshift agents strongly suggests that frameshift mutationstend to be lethal in the hamster ERCC2 locus. Several mutagen-sensitivedouble mutants were isolated in two-step selections from EMS-,mitomycin C- or UV-sensitive parental cells, including the lineUVU1, the first mammalian line with two mutations that affectUV sensitivity. The first mutation inactivated excision repair,and the second mutation appears to have affected some otherrecovery process. UVU1 should be useful for studying recoveryprocesses that are separate from nucleotide excision repair.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed 相似文献
85.
86.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a word fluency task was compared in twenty-five male, right-handed, medicated schizophrenic patients and twenty-five age-matched male, right-handed healthy volunteers, using 99mtechnetium-HMPAO multidetector single-photon emission tomography. Increased rCBF in caudate and thalamus was found in patients, probably secondary to neuroleptic medication. Patients showed decreased rCBF in left frontal cortical regions and increased rCBF in left posterior cortical regions, compared to controls. Patterns of left-sided frontal rCBF dominance in controls were reversed in patients, as were normal patterns of right-sided parietal rCBF dominance. Negative symptom score correlated inversely with mesial frontal rCBF, particularly on the left. 相似文献
87.
88.
A K Li M E Schattenkerk J E De Vries W D Ford R A Malt 《The American journal of physiology》1983,244(1):R41-R44
Because the submandibular salivary glands of male mice are rich in growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor, and because there are sporadic reports of sialadenectomized mice showing growth retardation and endocrine abnormalities, we studied oxidative metabolism and fertility after submandibular sialadenectomy. Despite similar intake of food, male mice (n = 60) deprived of submandibular saliva, either by duct ligation or gland excision, initially weighed 12-13% less than the sham controls and had a slower rate of growth (P less than 0.001). After 5 mo, mice with duct ligation caught up with the sham-operated mice, but the differences compared with submandibular-sialadenectomized mice were still apparent at 32 wk (P less than 0.001). The mean respiratory quotient of submandibular-sialadenectomized and duct-ligated mice was 0.71 instead of 0.88 as in the shams at 10, 20, and 30 wk after operation (P less than 0.01). No effect on fecundity was observed in either male or female mice following submandibular sialadenectomy. 相似文献
89.
Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
Marsh DJ; Coulon V; Lunetta KL; Rocca-Serra P; Dahia PL; Zheng Z; Liaw D; Caron S; Duboue B; Lin AY; Richardson AL; Bonnetblanc JM; Bressieux JM; Cabarrot-Moreau A; Chompret A; Demange L; Eeles RA; Yahanda AM; Fearon ER; Fricker JP; Gorlin RJ; Hodgson SV; Huson S; Lacombe D; Eng C 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(3):507-515
The tumour suppressor gene PTEN , which maps to 10q23.3 and encodes a 403
amino acid dual specificity phosphatase (protein tyrosine phosphatase;
PTPase), was shown recently to play a broad role in human malignancy.
Somatic PTEN deletions and mutations were observed in sporadic breast,
brain, prostate and kidney cancer cell lines and in several primary tumours
such as endometrial carcinomas, malignant melanoma and thyroid tumours. In
addition, PTEN was identified as the susceptibility gene for two hamartoma
syndromes: Cowden disease (CD; MIM 158350) and Bannayan-Zonana (BZS) or
Ruvalcaba-Riley-Smith syndrome (MIM 153480). Constitutive DNA from 37 CD
families and seven BZS families was screened for germline PTEN mutations.
PTEN mutations were identified in 30 of 37 (81%) CD families, including
missense and nonsense point mutations, deletions, insertions, a
deletion/insertion and splice site mutations. These mutations were
scattered over the entire length of PTEN , with the exception of the first,
fourth and last exons. A 'hot spot' for PTEN mutation in CD was identified
in exon 5 that contains the PTPase core motif, with 13 of 30 (43%) CD
mutations identified in this exon. Seven of 30 (23%) were within the core
motif, the majority (five of seven) of which were missense mutations,
possibly pointing to the functional significance of this region. Germline
PTEN mutations were identified in four of seven (57%) BZS families studied.
Interestingly, none of these mutations was observed in the PTPase core
motif. It is also worthy of note that a single nonsense point mutation,
R233X, was observed in the germline DNA from two unrelated CD families and
one BZS family. Genotype-phenotype studies were not performed on this small
group of BZS families. However, genotype-phenotype analysis inthe group of
CD families revealed two possible associations worthy of follow-up in
independent analyses. The first was an association noted in the group of CD
families with breast disease. A correlation was observed between the
presence/absence of a PTEN mutation and the type of breast involvement
(unaffected versus benign versus malignant). Specifically and more
directly, an association was also observed between the presence of a PTEN
mutation and malignant breast disease. Secondly, there appeared to be an
interdependent association between mutations upstream and within the PTPase
core motif, the core motif containing the majority of missense mutations,
and the involvement of all major organ systems (central nervous system,
thyroid, breast, skin and gastrointestinal tract). However, these
observations would need to be confirmed by studying a larger number of CD
families.
相似文献
90.
Mahadevaiah SK; Odorisio T; Elliott DJ; Rattigan A; Szot M; Laval SH; Washburn LL; McCarrey JR; Cattanach BM; Lovell-Badge R; Burgoyne PS 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(4):715-727
An RNA-binding motif (RBM) gene family has been identified on the human Y
chromosome that maps to the same deletion interval as the 'azoospermia
factor' (AZF). We have identified the homologous gene family (Rbm) on the
mouse Y with a view to investigating the proposal that this gene family
plays a role in spermatogenesis. At least 25 and probably >50 copies of
Rbm are present on the mouse Y chromosome short arm located between Sry and
the centromere. As in the human, a role in spermatogenesis is indicated by
a germ cell-specific pattern of expression in the testis, but there are
distinct differences in the pattern of expression between the two species.
Mice carrying the deletion Yd1, that maps to the proximal Y short arm, are
female due to a position effect resulting in non-expression of Sry ;
sex-reversing such mice with an Sry transgene produces males with a high
incidence of abnormal sperm, making this the third deletion interval on the
mouse Y that affects some aspect of spermatogenesis. Most of the copies of
Rbm map to this deletion interval, and the Yd1males have markedly reduced
Rbm expression, suggesting that RBM deficiency may be responsible for, or
contribute to, the abnormal sperm development. In man, deletion of the
functional copies of RBM is associated with meiotic arrest rather than
sperm anomalies; however, the different effects of deletion are consistent
with the differences in expression between the two species.
相似文献