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31.
Oligodendroglial apoptosis occurs along degenerating axons and is associated with FAS and p75 expression following spinal cord injury in the rat 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Apoptosis or programmed cell death has been reported after CNS trauma. However, the significance of this mechanism in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, in particular at the cervical level, requires further investigation. In the present study, we used the extradural clip compression model in the rat to examine the cellular distribution of apoptosis following cervical spinal cord injury, the relationship between glial apoptosis and post-traumatic axonal degeneration and the possible role of apo[apoptosis]-1, CD95 (FAS) and p75 in initiating post-traumatic glial apoptosis. In situ terminal-deoxy-transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling revealed apoptotic cells, largely oligodendrocytes as identified by cell specific markers, in grey and white matter following spinal cord injury. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed using electron microscopy and by the demonstration of DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis. Beta-amyloid precursor protein was used as a molecular marker of axonal degeneration on western blots and immunohistochemistry. Degeneration of axons was temporally and spatially co-localized with glial apoptosis. FAS and p75 protein expression was seen in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, and was also seen in some apoptotic glia after cord injury. Both FAS and p75 increased in expression in a temporal course, which mirrored the development of cellular apoptosis. The downstream caspases 3 and 8, which are linked to FAS and p75, demonstrated activation at times of maximal apoptosis, while FLIP-L an inhibitor of caspase 8, decreased at times of maximal apoptosis. We conclude that axonal degeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury is associated with glial, in particular oligodendroglial, apoptosis. Activation of the FAS and p75 death receptor pathways may be involved in initiating this process. 相似文献
32.
Baptiste Janela Amit A. Patel Mai Chan Lau Chi Ching Goh Rasha Msallam Wan Ting Kong Michael Fehlings Sandra Hubert Josephine Lum Yannick Simoni Benoit Malleret Francesca Zolezzi Jinmiao Chen Michael Poidinger Ansuman T. Satpathy Carlos Briseno Christian Wohn Bernard Malissen Florent Ginhoux 《Immunity》2019,50(4):1069-1083.e8
33.
Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Steeves JD Lammertse D Curt A Fawcett JW Tuszynski MH Ditunno JF Ellaway PH Fehlings MG Guest JD Kleitman N Bartlett PF Blight AR Dietz V Dobkin BH Grossman R Short D Nakamura M Coleman WP Gaviria M Privat A;International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis 《Spinal cord》2007,45(3):206-221
An international panel reviewed the methodology for clinical trials of spinal cord injury (SCI), and provided recommendations for the valid conduct of future trials. This is the second of four papers. It examines clinical trial end points that have been used previously, reviews alternative outcome tools and identifies unmet needs for demonstrating the efficacy of an experimental intervention after SCI. The panel focused on outcome measures that are relevant to clinical trials of experimental cell-based and pharmaceutical drug treatments. Outcome measures are of three main classes: (1) those that provide an anatomical or neurological assessment for the connectivity of the spinal cord, (2) those that categorize a subject's functional ability to engage in activities of daily living, and (3) those that measure an individual's quality of life (QoL). The American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale forms the standard basis for measuring neurologic outcomes. Various electrophysiological measures and imaging tools are in development, which may provide more precise information on functional changes following treatment and/or the therapeutic action of experimental agents. When compared to appropriate controls, an improved functional outcome, in response to an experimental treatment, is the necessary goal of a clinical trial program. Several new functional outcome tools are being developed for measuring an individual's ability to engage in activities of daily living. Such clinical end points will need to be incorporated into Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. QoL measures often do not correlate tightly with the above outcome tools, but may need to form part of Phase 3 trial measures. 相似文献
34.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses some of the recent advances and current controversies in the acute clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). RECENT FINDINGS: Several key risk factors for adverse prognosis in TBI have been identified, including female sex. In the management of intracranial hypertension antibiotic impregnated intraventricular catheters have been found to reduce the risk for infection, and new studies have examined the roles of mannitol, hyperventilation, and hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia has also been found to improve outcome. Hyperoxia is now being explored as a treatment option for improving brain metabolism in TBI. That acute SCI continues to be a challenging diagnosis is supported by a recent study that showed that 9.1% of SCIs are missed initially. The diagnosis and management of spinal instability has been studied in different patient groups. In SCI without radiographic abnormality, the presence of normal magnetic resonance imaging findings was associated with a good prognosis. New studies in the field of early decompression and the prevention of thromboembolism in SCI have also been published. Guidelines for the management of acute SCI recommend methylprednisolone and GM-1 ganglioside only as options. SUMMARY: In neurotrauma some established treatments have been re-examined and their efficacy proven, whereas others that were once considered the standard of care in SCI, such as methylprednisolone, have been questioned. Large multicenter trials are needed to assess treatments such as early decompression in SCI and decompressive craniectomy in TBI. A truly effective neuroprotective therapy in neurotrauma remains elusive. 相似文献
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A Ascari‐Raccagni A Dondas MG Righini G Trevisan 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2010,24(8):926-929
Background The repair of an alar nasal defect is a frequent challenge for dermatologic surgeons for reasons of the high rate of non‐melanoma cancers in the area. Objective Our aim was to describe the use of an east–west cheek‐based flap (horizontal advancement flap) to repair a surgical defect on the nose ala. Methods Benefits and limits of this surgical procedure are evaluated. Result The resulting S‐shaped scar was well‐camouflaged among the natural skin lines (melolabial fold and melonasal junction). No architectural distortion of the nose resulted from the procedure. Conclusion In selected patients with small‐to‐medium‐size defects of the nasal ala, the horizontal advancement flap is a simple, reliable and aesthetic reconstruction option. 相似文献
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DG Ranatunga MG Richardson DM Brooks 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2007,51(2):182-185
Knotting of intravascular catheters is an uncommon but a well‐recognized occurrence. The Swan–Ganz catheter (SGC) is the one that knots most commonly. A case of a knotted SGC is described in a patient with a persistent left‐sided superior vena cava, and we propose that the presence of a left‐sided superior vena cava is a risk factor for knot formation not previously reported. We review the published work on the risk factors for knot formation and on the techniques used to remove knotted SGC. We describe a technique using a gooseneck snare and Omni Flush catheter (Angiodynamics, Queensbury, NY, USA) to loosen and untie a knotted SGC. 相似文献
40.
M Stronati MG Revello RM Cerbo M Furione G Rondini G Gerna 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(3):340-341