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排序方式: 共有320条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
Wilde EA Bigler ED Hunter JV Fearing MA Scheibel RS Newsome MR Johnson JL Bachevalier J Li X Levin HS 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》2007,49(4):294-299
While closed head injury frequently results in damage to the frontal and temporal lobes, damage to deep cortical structures, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia, has also been reported. Five deep central structures (hippocampus, amygdala, globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate) were examined in 16 children (eight males, eight females; aged 9-16y), imaged 1 to 10 years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and in 16 individually-matched uninjured children. Analysis revealed significant volume loss in the hippocampus, amydala, and globus pallidus of the TBI group. Investigation of relative volume loss between these structures and against five cortical areas (ventromedial frontal, superomedial frontal, lateral frontal, temporal, and parieto-occipital) revealed the hippocampus to be the most vulnerable structure following TBI (i.e. greatest relative difference between the groups). In a separate analysis excluding children with focal hippocampal abnormalities (e.g. lesions), group differences in hippocampal volume were still evident, suggesting that hippocampal damage may be diffuse rather than focal. 相似文献
33.
Fearing MA Bigler ED Norton M Tschanz JA Hulette C Leslie C Welsh-Bohmer K;Cache County Investigators 《Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology》2007,29(5):553-560
Atrophy of specific, regional, and generalized brain structures occurs as a result of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process. Comparing AD patients with histopathological confirmation of the disease at autopsy to those without autopsy but who were clinically diagnosed using the same antemortem criteria will provide further evidence of the utility and accuracy of neuropsychological assessments at the time of diagnosis, as well as the efficacy of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in demonstrating gross neuropathological changes associated with the disease. The Cache County Study of Aging provides a unique opportunity to determine how closely AD subjects with only the clinical diagnosis match similarly diagnosed AD subjects but with postmortem confirmation of the disease. qMRI volumes of various brain structures, as well as neuropsychological outcome measures from an expanded battery, were obtained in 31 autopsy-confirmed AD subjects and 45 clinically diagnosed AD subjects. Of the various qMRI variables examined, only total temporal lobe volume was different, where those with postmortem confirmation had reduced volume. No significant differences between the two groups were found with any of the neuropsychological outcome measures. These findings confirm the similarity in neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment findings between those with just the clinical diagnosis of AD and those with an autopsy-confirmed diagnosis in the moderate-to-severe stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. 相似文献
34.
Spanos GK Wilde EA Bigler ED Cleavinger HB Fearing MA Levin HS Li X Hunter JV 《AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology》2007,28(3):537-542
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the cerebellum has not attracted the same degree of attention as cortical areas and the hippocampus in traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature, there is limited structural and functional imaging evidence that the cerebellum is also vulnerable to insult. The cerebellum is emerging as part of a frontocerebellar system that, when disrupted, results in significant cognitive and behavioral consequences. We hypothesized that cerebellar volume would be reduced in children following TBI and wished to examine the relation between the cerebellum and known sites of projection, including the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and pons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative MR imaging was used to measure cerebellar white and gray matter and lesion volumes 1-10 years following TBI in 16 children 9-16 years of age and 16 demographically matched typically developing children 9-16 years of age. Cerebellar volumes were also compared with volumetric data from other brain regions to which the cerebellum projects. RESULTS: A significant group difference was found in cerebellar white and gray matter volume, with children in the TBI group consistently exhibiting smaller volumes. Repeating the analysis after excluding children with focal cerebellar lesions revealed that significant group differences still remained for cerebellar white matter (WM). We also found a relation between the cerebellum and projection areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and pons in 1 or both groups. CONCLUSION: Our finding of reduced cerebellar WM volume in children with TBI is consistent with evidence from experimental studies suggesting that the cerebellum and its related projection areas are highly vulnerable to fiber degeneration following traumatic insult. 相似文献
35.
Tamara G. Fong Michael A. Fearing Richard N. Jones Peilin Shi Edward R. Marcantonio James L. Rudolph Frances M. Yang Dan K. Kiely Sharon K. Inouye 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2009,5(6):492-497
BackgroundBrief cognitive screening measures are valuable tools for both research and clinical applications. The most widely used instrument, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), is limited in that it must be administered face-to-face, cannot be used in participants with visual or motor impairments, and is protected by copyright. Screening instruments such as the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) were developed to provide a valid alternative, with comparable cut-point scores to rate global cognitive function.MethodsThe MMSE, TICS-30, and TICS-40 scores from 746 community-dwelling elders who participated in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) were analyzed with equipercentile equating, a statistical process of determining comparable scores based on percentile equivalents for different forms of an examination.ResultsScores from the MMSE and TICS-30 and TICS-40 corresponded well, and clinically relevant cut-point scores were determined. For example, an MMSE score of 23 is equivalent to 17 and 20 on the TICS-30 and TICS-40, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that TICS and MMSE scores can be linked directly. Clinically relevant and important MMSE cut points and the respective ADAMS TICS-30 and TICS-40 cut-point scores are included, to identify the degree of cognitive impairment among respondents with any type of cognitive disorder. These results will help in the widespread application of TICS in both research and clinical practice. 相似文献
36.
Michal Liebergall‐Wischnitzer CNM PhD Ora Paltiel MD MSc Drorit Hochner‐Celnikier MD Yuval Lavy MD Orly Manor PhD Anna Carol Woloski Wruble NM EdD 《Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health》2011,56(5):461-467
Introduction: Sexual function is affected by stress urinary incontinence with or without pelvic organ prolapse. The aim of the study was to describe the sexual function of women with mild‐to‐moderate stress urinary incontinence, with or without pelvic organ prolapse (up to stage 2) and examine correlations with symptoms and quality of life. This investigation was part of a large, randomized, clinical trial of women with stress urinary incontinence who participated in an exercise intervention. Methods: Women included in the study suffered from stress urinary incontinence as measured by a pad test and were interested in an exercise intervention. All participants underwent assessment for prolapse staging. Instruments included: the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐12), Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I‐QOL), and a health and urinary leakage questionnaire. Results: One hundred and eighty‐seven ambulatory women, aged 20 to 65 years, had a mean sexual function score of 36.9 (standard deviation [SD] 5.9). No significant correlation was found between the sexual function scores and quantity of urinary leakage. A significant correlation existed between the sexual function and I‐QOL scores (P < .001). An additional finding was that women with urgency symptoms were older (P= .04) and had significantly lower sexual function scores (mean 35.7; SD 6.4) than those who did not report urgency (mean 38.7; SD 4.6; P < .001). Discussion: Women with mild‐to‐moderate stress urinary incontinence, without or with lower stages of pelvic organ prolapse, demonstrated good sexual function, which correlated with physical and psychosocial factors. Health professionals need to perform multifaceted intake assessments on women with urinary leakage to customize their health promotion regimen. 相似文献
37.
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39.
Pregnancy augments nitric oxide-dependent dilator response to acetylcholine in the human uterine artery 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Nelson SH; Steinsland OS; Suresh MS; Lee NM 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1361-1367
The influence of pregnancy on the dilator effects of acetylcholine in the
isolated human uterine artery was investigated. Acetylcholine (0.1 nM to
0.1 microM) produced concentration- and endothelium-dependent relaxation of
norepinephrine (3 microM)-induced contraction. The relaxation was greater
in arteries from pregnant patients (P arteries) than from non-pregnant
patients (NP arteries). The maximal relaxation was 53.5+/-3.4% (n=21) in P
arteries and 23.5+/-2.5% (n=35) in NP arteries. In both P and NP arteries
the cholinergic relaxation was increased in the presence of superoxide
dismutase and greatly reduced in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase
inhibitors, NG-mono-methyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) and
L-nitro-arginine-methylester (L-NAME). The effect of these nitric oxide
synthase inhibitors was reversed by L- arginine. We conclude that pregnancy
enhances acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide synthesis and release in the
human uterine artery.
相似文献
40.
Dengue is a mosquito transmitted flaviviral infection which can give rise to severe haemorrhage (dengue haemorrhagic fever) and with capillary leakage induces hypovolaemic shock (dengue shock syndrome). Although dengue symptoms and complications have been known for many decades, there has only been one documented case of osteonecrosis of the maxilla which was treated by excision of the necrotic bone. In this case of dengue infection, extensive maxillary osteonecrosis and minimal root resorption appeared to follow factitious injury with a toothpick but resolved with non‐surgical management. 相似文献