Systematic Plan of Evaluation Part II: Assessment of Program Outcomes

As an accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) has established Accreditation Standards and Criteria for the evaluation of nursing programs, including the evaluation of outcomes. This article focuses on the essential components and processes for systematic evaluation of program outcomes, including licensure examination pass rate, program completion rate, and job placement rate.     

Late recovery of awareness in prolonged disorders of consciousness –a cross-sectional cohort study

Purpose: To detect any improvement of awareness in prolonged disorders of consciousness in the long term.

Methods: A total of 34 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (27 vegetative state and seven minimally conscious state; 16 males; aged 21–73) were included in the study. All patients were initially diagnosed with vegetative/minimally conscious state on admission to our specialist neurological rehabilitation unit. Re-assessment was performed 2–16?years later using Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.

Results: Although remaining severely disabled, 32% of the patients showed late improvement of awareness evidenced with development of non-reflexive responses such as reproducible command following and localization behaviors. Most of the late recoveries occurred in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (5/11, 45.5%). The ages of patients within the late recovery group (Mean?=?45, SD?=?11.4) and non-recovery group (Mean?=?43, SD?=?15.5) were not statistically different (p?=?0.76).

Conclusions: This study shows that late improvements in awareness are not exceptional in non-traumatic prolonged disorders of consciousness cases. It highlights the importance of long-term follow up of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness, regardless of the etiology, age, and time passed since the brain injury. Long-term follow up will help clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from further assessment and rehabilitation. Although only one patient achieved recovery of function, recovery of awareness may have important ethical implications especially where withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration is considered.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Long-term regular follow-up of people with prolonged disorders of consciousness is important.

• Albeit with poor functional outcomes late recovery of awareness is possible in both traumatic and non-traumatic prolonged disorders of consciousness cases.

• Recovery of awareness has significant clinical and ethical implications especially where withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration is considered.

     

Brain metastases from papillary thyroid carcinomas

Brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is extremely rare and carries a poor prognosis. We report nine cases (five females and four males) of brain metastasis of PTC. The age of patients ranged from 46 to 87 years old. The patients presented with nonspecific symptoms such as headaches. Brain metastasis was the first clinical presentation in three of nine patients; two of which had the aggressive tall cell variant of PTC. Six patients had prior history of PTC (four classic, one oncocytic variant, and one columnar cell variant) for 2 to 17 years with a median of 12 years. Gross total resection of brain metastasis was achieved for eight of our patients. Eight patients were treated with radioactive iodine. The median follow-up time was 12 months, ranging from 1 month to 4 years. Three patients died of their disease in 6 months, 21 months and 4 years, respectively after their first presentation of brain metastasis. It seems that these rare aggressive variants of PTC, such as tall cell variant, not only have higher propensity to develop brain metastasis, but also more frequently present with brain metastasis as their first clinical presentation than classic PTC. Furthermore, patients with PTC can develop brain metastasis even after many years.     

Using a mobile health application to support self-management in COPD: a qualitative study

Background

Telehealth shows promise for supporting patients in managing their long-term health conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is currently unclear how patients, and particularly older people, may benefit from these technological interventions.

Aim

To explore patients’ expectations and experiences of using a mobile telehealth-based (mHealth) application and to determine how such a system may impact on their perceived wellbeing and ability to manage their COPD.

Design and setting

Embedded qualitative study using interviews with patients with COPD from various community NHS services: respiratory community nursing service, general practice, and pulmonary rehabilitation.

Method

An embedded qualitative study was conducted to which patients were recruited using purposive sampling to achieve maximum variation. Interviews were carried out prior to receiving the mHealth system and again after a 6-month period. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

The sample comprised 19 patients (aged 50–85 years) with varied levels of computer skills. Patients identified no difficulties in using the mHealth application. The main themes encapsulating patients’ experience of using the mHealth application related to an increased awareness of the variability of their symptoms (onset of exacerbation and recovery time) and reassurance through monitoring (continuity of care).

Conclusion

Patients were able to use the mHealth application, interpret clinical data, and use these within their self-management approach regardless of previous knowledge. Telehealth interventions can complement current clinical care pathways to support self-management behaviour.     

Caecal pH is a biomarker of excessive colonic fermentation

AIM:To ascertain whether caecal pH is different in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),whose primary symptoms are bloating and distension,to healthy controls.METHODS:Motility and pH data were reviewed from16 patients with RomeⅢdefined IBS and 16 healthy controls,who had undergone a wireless motility capsule(WMC)study using a standardized protocol.Motility measures were anchored around known anatomical landmarks as identified by compartmental pH changes.Sixty-minute epochs were used to quantify antral,duodenal,ileal,caecal and distal colonic contractility.The maximum and minimum pH was measured either side of the ileo-caecal junction.RESULTS:No differences were seen in motility parameters,compartmental transit times or maximal ileal pH between the two groups.Caecal pH was significantly lower in patients compared to controls(5.12±0.05vs 6.16±0.15,P<0.0001).The ileal:caecalΔchange was greater in patients than controls(-2.63±0.08 vs-1.42±0.11,P<0.0001).There was a significant correlation between caecal pH and right colonic contractility(r=0.54,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Patients with bloating and distension have a lower caecal pH compared to controls.The measurement of caecal pH using the WMC provides a quantifiable biomarker of fermentation potentially identifying those patients that may preferentially benefit from antibiotic or dietary interventions.