Clinical features of posterior microphthalmic and nanophthalmic eyes

AIM: To clinically differentiate nanophthalmos (NO) and posterior microphthalmos (PM) and to explore the mechanisms related to papillomacular folds (PMF). METHODS: Medical records of 34 unrelated patients with microphthalmos (54 eyes) from April 2009 to October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes of 7 unrelated patients with NO and PM were included in the study. The presenting age of the NO cohort was significantly higher compared with the PM cohort (NO: 27±16y; PM: 3.7±0.6y). PMF was more likely to occur in cases with PM than in NO (25% in NO, 100% in PM). The anatomic features of PMF from optical coherence tomography (OCT) included: ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer. In eyes without an apparent PMF (these were all NO eyes), rudimentary fovea without a foveal pit was noted. Four eyes that were NO developed angle closure glaucoma. Three NO eyes developed exudative retinal detachment and were successfully treated with lamellar sclerectomy. CONCLUSION: Posterior segment changes are pervasive both in PM and NO. Complications like angle closure glaucoma and exudative retinal detachment are likely to occur in eyes with NO but not with PM. Detailed OCT analysis found that PMF was partially a neural retinal issue, suggesting that redundancy of retinal issues involved only inner retinal layers.     

二维斑点追踪技术对糖尿病患者心脏舒缩功能的研究

目的 运用二维斑点追踪技术（STI）评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.方法 对28例糖尿病无血管并发症（DM Ⅰ组）,19例糖尿病合并血管并发症（DM Ⅱ组）及27例健康体健者（对照组）行常规二维超声,录取图像后导入EchoPAC分析软件,用斑点追踪技术对左室应变及扭转进行定量分析.结果 DM Ⅰ组及DM Ⅱ组与对照组比较,纵向应变和扭转角度峰值减小,扭转速度达峰时间缩短,解旋速度达峰时间延长、扭转速度峰值、解旋速度峰值及解旋率均减小,且随着并发症的出现差异更明显.结论 STI技术可以定量评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.     

多培沙明对心肌缺血时大鼠心脏血液动力学的影响及其与非诺多泮和丙卡特罗效应的比较

用大鼠急性心肌缺血模型,研究新型多巴胺受体激动剂多培沙明(DPX)对急性心肌缺血时大鼠心脏血液动力学的影响,并与非诺多泮(FODA)和丙卡特罗(PCT)的效应作比较。结果表明,ivDPX可明显减轻缺血所致总外周阻力(TPR)和左室舒张末压的增高,+dp/dtmax的降低,而对平均动脉血压(MAP)无显著性影响。尽管FODA改善缺血所致TPR增高和心肌收缩力减弱的程度大于DPX,但它能明显降低MAP。提示DPX能明显降低TPR,轻度增加心肌收缩力改善心功能,而不降低MAP和不增加心肌耗氧量,因而用于缺血性心脏病的治疗可能有较好的应用前景。     

SOX5基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病及并发症肺动脉高压的关联性分析

目的:通过观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者、COPD合并肺动脉高压(PH)患者及健康者之间SOX5基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的分布差异,初步探索SOX5基因多态性与COPD相关PH易感性的关联。方法:连续选择2013年4月~2015年4月就诊于宁夏人民医院总院及宁南分院呼吸内科的COPD稳定期患者250例,根据COPD诊治指南(2013年版)诊断标准入组,并且就诊当天全部进行超声心动图检查,根据肺动脉收缩压(PASP)结果分为COPD合并PH组(PASP≥50 mm Hg)103例和COPD非PH组(PASP50 mm Hg)147例。健康对照组选择同期在宁夏人民医院体检的健康者127例。使用Sequenom Mass ARRAY SNP检测系统检测所有受试者SOX5基因rs10842262和rs11046966位点的基因型,统计基因型频率并对比各组间差异。结果:健康对照组与COPD组之间(包括COPD合并PH及未合并PH组的全部患者)以及COPD合并PH组与COPD非PH组之间在年龄、性别和吸烟指数上的差别均无统计学显著性。健康对照组与COPD组之间SOX5基因rs10842262位点及rs11046966位点基因型频率分布的差异均存在统计学显著性(P0.05)。COPD合并PH组与COPD非PH组之间SOX5基因rs10842262位点及rs11046966位点各基因型频率分布的差异无统计学显著性。结论:SOX5基因rs10842262和rs11046966位点的基因多态性与COPD的易感性相关,但与COPD相关PH的易感性还不能认为有关联。     

宠物医院X射线诊断放射防护研究进展

我国宠物医院快速发展, X射线诊断应用也随之增多, 其工作人员和同室协助人员的防护问题值得关注。本文从国际上宠物医院的X射线诊断放射防护相关管理和研究进展出发, 结合我国宠物医院X射线诊断的现状、存在的问题以及各部门的管理规定, 从中总结出我国宠物医院放射防护中政府部门、宠物医院、放射工作人员以及同室协助人员可能出现的典型问题, 并提出当前我国宠物医院放射防护工作的重点, 有助于为政府决策提供科学建议, 规范完善宠物医院的各项放射防护工作。