Comparing the efficacy of different intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis: A network analysis

Background:The findings on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee are controversial, and the existing original studies and meta-analyses are mostly comparisons of a single joint cavity injection method, lacking direct and indirect comparisons of different drugs in the joint cavity. The lack of direct and indirect comparisons of different drugs in the joint cavity makes it difficult to have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of joint cavity injection methods. In this study, the efficacy of platelet-rich, ozone, sodium hyaluronate, and combined knee cavity injections were compared directly or indirectly using a reticulated meta-analysis in this field, and the efficacy of treatment measures was ranked to provide more comprehensive and reliable evidence-based clinical evidence for the selection of knee cavity injections in osteoarthritis of the knee.Objective:To compare the effects of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium glassate injection interventions on the efficacy of osteoarthritis of the knee through reticulated Meta-analysis, and to comprehensively compare the clinical effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium glassate injection joint cavity injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.Methods:The PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wan-Fang databases were searched for information on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium vitrate injection for the comparative treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, with a search time frame of each database from the date of creation to July 20, 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the quality of the literature in parallel. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software to compare the differences in the efficacy of each treatment measure using the ratio and 95% confidence interval as effect indicators and to rank the efficacy.Results:Thirty-three RCTs with 7003 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were included, involving 5 therapeutic measures. Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection was superior to both ozone and hyaluronic acid therapies. Hyaluronic acid+ozone and platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid were both superior to ozone and hyaluronic acid monotherapy. The differences in efficacy between hyaluronic acid and ozone compared with platelet-rich plasma were statistically significant, and the differences in efficacy between the 2 combination therapies (platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid+ozone) and the 3 monotherapies (platelet-rich plasma, ozone, hyaluronic acid) were statistically significant. Platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid+ozone compared with 3 monotherapies (platelet-rich plasma, ozone, hyaluronic acid) were statistically significant, except for the difference in efficacy with platelet-rich plasma, which was not statistically significant, indicating that this platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid and Hyaluronic acid+ozone combination therapy was superior to monotherapy. Also, the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma was better than hyaluronic acid and ozone and the difference was statistically significant, indicating that platelet-rich plasma was more effective than ozone and sodium glass in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in monotherapy.Conclusion:It is believed that in the course of clinical practice, hyaluronic acid+ozone or platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid combination therapy or platelet-rich plasma therapy can be preferred for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.     

继续教育对基层医务人员有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响研究

目的了解基层医务人员对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的认知、过去一年继续教育情况及继续教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响。方法选取2019年10月1—31日2372名来自社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室的医务人员自愿在线填写了调查问卷,内容包括个人基本特征,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断的认知及继续教育情况。结果基层医务人员熟知吸烟、二手烟、长期呼吸道疾病史、室外空气污染和职业性粉尘等危险因素,但是对室内空气污染和遗传因素认知不足,并且仍有12.1%的基层医务人员知晓吸烟是危险因素,但正在吸烟或戒烟6个月以内。80%的调查对象知道肺功能是诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病的金标准,但仅60.7%的调查对象能正确判读肺功能结果。过去一年中仅44.3%的基层医务人员接受了相关继续教育。继续教育对提升基层医务人员慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断相关认知的影响差异有显著性(OR=1.524,95%CI 1.289～1.802;OR=1.528,95%CI 1.289～1.812)。结论加大继续教育的惠及范围,有针对性地加强基层医务人员对室内空气污染和遗传因素的认知,同时在基层配备肺功能仪的前提下,开展以实操...     

四氢生物蝶呤反应性苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏症的临床与基因研究

目的 探讨四氢生物蝶呤（tetrahydrobiopterin,BH4）反应性苯丙氨酸羟化酶（phenylalanine hydroxylase,PAH）缺乏症临床表型和基因型的关系。方法 38例高苯丙氨酸血症（hyperphenylalaninemia,HPA）患儿均进行口服BH。负荷试验（20ms／kg）或Phe-BH。联合负荷试验,同时进行尿蝶呤谱分析、红细胞二氢蝶啶还原酶（dihyaropteridine reductase,DHPR）测定。对7例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和单链构象多态性（single strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP）分析对PAH外显子进行突变筛检,并结合DNA直接测序方法进行突变分析。结果 确诊10例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿,男6例,女4例;平均年龄7．8个月;生化代谢表型均为轻度或中度HPA。7例BH4反应性PAH缺乏症患儿PAH基因型分别为S70del／-、R241C／R243Q、S70del／A389G、Y166X／-、R11lX/-、EX6-96A〉G／R241C和IVS4-1G〉A／R241C。A389G是新发现的突变基因型。结论 BH4反应性PAH缺乏症多表现为轻、中度HPA生化代谢表型,R241C是BH4反应性相关突变基因型中较常见的一种类型。推测S70del可能是一种BH4反应性相关突变类型.     

人载脂蛋白A5基因c.553 G＞T多态性与血脂水平的相关性

目的 分析中国江苏地区汉族人群载脂蛋白A5 c．553G〉T基因多态性与血清脂质水平的关系。方法 用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术分别检测199例高三酰甘油血症患者和225例健康对照者载脂蛋白A5C．553G〉T多态性基因型,计算等位基因频率;用生物化学方法检测研究对象的血脂水平。结果 高三酰甘油血症组apoA5 c．553位点T等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组（12．56％ vs 4．67％,P〈0．001）,TT突变型纯合子血清三酰甘油水平较TG杂合子及GG野生型纯合子人群显著升高（P〈0．001）,而血清HDL—C水平则呈下降趋势（P=0．011）。结论 载脂蛋白A5 c．553G〉T基因多态性影响血清三酰甘油水平,与高三酰甘油血症存在一定的关联性。     

从澳大利亚职业教育看中国高素质技术人才的培训

近15年来,澳大利亚对职业教育与培训进行了全面的的改革,现已拥有高度竞争力和灵活性的人力资源。这在一定程度上为澳大利亚的持续经济繁荣作出了贡献。改革后,澳大利亚的国民经济增长率在经济合作发展组织中一直名列前茅。中国有关方面的政策制定者和教育工作者,可以借鉴澳大利亚的成功经验和模式,发展和完善职业教育和培训体制,使其更高效、反应更迅速。     

不规则抗体的筛查和输血安全

红细胞ABO血型以外的不规则抗体是引起输血不良反应、新生儿溶血病、血型鉴定困难及疑难配型等的主要原因,患者常由于输血和妊娠产生免疫抗体,导致输血不良反应和输血相关疾病的发生。因此,在输血前进行患者血清中不规则抗体的筛查,对于保障输血安全、避免输血反应非常重要。2003年11月～2005年12月笔者对2268例有输血史及妊娠史而需要输血的住院患者进行输血前不规则抗体的筛查和鉴定,结果检出抗体阳性17例,现报告如下。     

黄春林运用仙芪地黄汤加减治疗慢性肾病经验

黄春林教授认为脾肾气虚、湿瘀内阻是慢性肾脏疾病的常见病机,益气健脾补肾、祛湿活血是慢性肾脏疾病的治疗大法,在古方六味地黄丸的基础上自拟仙芪地黄汤为基本方,加减治疗多种慢性肾脏疾病,临床疗效良好。该文对其运用仙芪地黄汤加减治疗慢性肾脏疾病的临床经验进行了初步的总结。     

Intraoperative choroidal detachment during small-gauge vitrectomy: analysis of causes,anatomic, and visual outcomes

IntroductionTo investigate the incidence and causes of intraoperative choroidal detachment (CD) during small-gauge vitrectomy, as well as the anatomic and visual outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1026 consecutive patients who underwent small-gauge vitrectomy from June 2017 to December 2018 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangzhou, China. Data on the presence, location, and extent of intraoperative CD and its relationship to the infusion cannula were collected. Patient demographic characteristics and postoperative anatomic and visual outcomes were also assessed.ResultsA total of six cases were found to have intraoperative CD, including two with serous CD, three with limited haemorrhagic CD, and one with CD caused by inadvertent perfusion of gas during air/fluid exchange. Retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony were found to be the main causes of intraoperative CD in five out of the six cases. The best-corrected visual acuity of all cases significantly improved after the surgery.ConclusionThe incidence of intraoperative CD during small-gauge vitrectomy is low; the predominant causes are retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony. Immediate awareness and timely closure of the incision may contribute to a better surgical prognosis.Subject terms: Uveal diseases, Diseases     

以循证为基础的阶梯式心理护理对乳腺癌化疗患者负性心理的影响研究

目的 探讨以循证为基础的阶梯式心理护理(SCM)对乳腺癌化疗患者负性心理的影响.方法 采取方便抽样的方法,将76例乳腺癌化疗患者随机分为对照组和观察组各38例.对照组实施乳腺癌常规心理护理和出院后随访,观察组在对照组措施的基础上实施阶梯式心理干预措施,包括1周观察评估、2周指导性自我管理、4周一对一健康指导、4周专业心...     

Effect of Killed PRRSV Vaccine on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Pigs

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important pathogens affecting the global swine industry. Vaccination is still a main strategy for PRRSV control; however, host factors associated with vaccine efficacy remain poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests that mucosa-associated microbiomes may play a role in the responses to vaccination. In this study, we investigated the effects of a killed virus vaccine on the gut microbiome diversity in pigs. Fecal microbial communities were longitudinally assessed in three groups of pigs (vaccinated/challenged with PRRSV, unvaccinated/challenged with PRRSV, and unvaccinated/unchallenged) before and after vaccination and after viral challenge. We observed significant interaction effects between viral challenge and vaccination on both taxonomic richness and community diversity of the gut microbiota. While some specific taxonomic alterations appear to be enhanced in vaccinated/challenged pigs, others appeared to be more consistent with the levels in control animals (unvaccinated/unchallenged), indicating that vaccination incompletely protects against viral impacts on the microbiome. The abundances of several microbial taxa were further determined to be correlated with the level of viral load and the amount of PRRSV reactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells. This study highlights the potential roles of gut microbiota in the response of pigs to vaccination, which may pave the road for the development of novel strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy.