An Immunohistochemical Study of the Pathways of the Influence of Dopamine on Orexinergic Neurons in the Perifornical Area of the Hypothalamus

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Confocal microscopy was used to analyze double immunolabeling and provided evidence of the locations of a large number of tyrosine...     

Comparative Characteristics of the Expression of Inducible NO Synthase in the Hippocampus of Humans and Experimental Animals

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objective: To study the characteristics of the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in hippocampal fields CA1 and CA3 in adult male humans and adult...     

Vanillylmandelic acid protects against reperfusion injury in an experimental animal model of myocardial infarction

Vanillylmandelic acid, a catecholamine end-metabolite, has been shown to have several biological properties in previous studies, despite considered biologically inactive. We examined the potential effects of vanillylmandelic acid on the ischemic heart following myocardial infarction and reperfusion on a rat model. Thirty-four female Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, control and experimental. They were anesthetized and subjected to myocardial infarction through left anterior descending artery ligation. A previously studied dose of vanillylmandelic acid (10 mg/kg) was administered and the following parameters were studied during ischemia and reperfusion: a) mortality b) severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmias c) premature ventricular contractions and d) heart rate. Administration of vanillymandelic acid significantly reduced the severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and mortality rate during reperfusion, while it did not affect any other of the parameters studied. In conclusion, reperfusion injury was blunted through vanillylmandelic acid administration, which seems to be mediated by parasympathetic activation.     

Novel compounds targeting InhA for TB therapy

Tuberculosis (TB) is described as lethal disease in the world. Resistant to TB drugs is the main reason to have unfavourable outcomes in the treatment of TB. Therefore, new agents to replace existing drugs are urgently needed. Previous reports suggested that InhA inhibitors, an enoyl-ACP-reductase, might provide auspicious candidates which can be developed into novel antitubercular agents. In this review, we explain the role of InhA in the resistance of isoniazid. Furthermore, five classes of InhA inhibitors, which display novel binding modes and deliver evidence of their prosperous target engagement, have been debated.     

Effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients with cat scratch disease

Background Appropriate antibiotic treatment of cat scratch disease (CSD) in pediatrics is not well established. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response rates of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics with CSD. Methods The electronic medical records of a cohort of pediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of CSD (2006–2016) were reviewed, retrospectively. Data collection included patient demographics, clinical and laboratory results, antibiotic treatment and follow-up evaluations. Results One hundred and seventy-five patients (aged 7.4?±?4.4 years) had confirmed CSD. Azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were the largest groups with documented effectiveness at follow-up visits. Resolution and improvement of CSD was observed in 51.4% and 61.5% of patients with azithromycin and TMP/SMX, respectively among those with follow-up assessment. The effectiveness of azithromycin and TMP/SMX was comparable (p?=?0.56). Conclusion Azithromycin and TMP/SMX were most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Azithromycin appeared to be an appropriate option for the treatment of CSD. TMP/SMX may be considered as an alternative antibiotic when azithromycin cannot be used.     

Mental health cost of terrorism: Study of the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris

This study examines whether a terrorist attack in a developed country, which does not cause major damage to its capital stocks, affects the mental health of its residents. By exploiting variations in survey dates of the European Social Survey, we use a difference‐in‐differences strategy to show that the attack adversely affects subjective well‐being and mental health measures of French respondents. These negative effects are stronger for immigrants and low‐income individuals. The impact is less dramatic for politically extreme right‐wing supporters. The distance from origin has little impact on these measures.     

Comparing the spatial attractiveness of hospitals using zero-inflated spatial models

Policy makers increasingly rely on hospital competition to incentivize patients to choose high-value care. Amongst all possible drivers, the travel distance without any doubt is one of the most important. In this paper we propose the use of a spatial Bayesian hierarchical model to assess the impact of distance on the number of patient admissions in hospitals, and thereby, compare hospital attractiveness. To this aim a MCMC sampler has been designed. We apply our methodology to patient admissions for asthma in four hospitals located in the Hérault department of France. Results indicate that the most attractive hospital is the CHU Montpellier.