术前血清淀粉样蛋白A水平对低位局部进展直肠癌手术方案选择的价值

目的 探讨术前血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平对低位局部进展直肠癌(LLARC)手术方案选择的价值.方法 回顾性分析于四川大学华西医院住院的52例LLARC患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为根治手术组(n=35)和姑息手术组(n=17).所有患者术前采静脉血测定SAA水平.结果 LLARC手术方案的选择与术前SAA水平有关(P=0.004),而与直肠癌病理学特征和术前影像学分期无关(P>0.05).术前SAA水平升高(≥10.5 mg/L),显著增加了LLARC选择姑息手术治疗的风险(OR=7.47, 95% CI: 1.62～34.40, P=0.010).结论 高SAA水平是预测LLARC患者行姑息手术风险的有效指标,这对于指导外科手术决策和辅助治疗的制定具有临床价值.     

雄激素剥夺条件下阻断自噬增加LNCaP细胞凋亡

Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis in LNCaP cells after inhibition of autophagic process under androgen removal conditions. Methods The autophagic level was deter-mined by using confocal microscopy and RT-PCR. The DAPI staining was used to indicate the apopto-sis of LNCaP cells after inhibition of autophagic by 3-MA. Also, Z-VAD-FMK was used to extend the apoptosis results. Results ①Androgen deprivation led to increased autophagy in LNCaP cells. LN-CaP cells cultured in complete medium(CM) presented low autophagic process with 1.9 scores. After 24 hours, the punetate GFP-LC3 structures were accumulated in the cells cultured in serum-free medi-um (SF)(2.64 scores). In contrast, the number of punctate GFP-LC3 remained at a very low level (1.85 scores), when cells were incubated with DHT in SFA(serum-free medium+DHT). Statistical analysis showed the significant difference between SF and SFA (P<0.01). Semiquantitative RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of LC3. Indeed, cells grown in the medium without serum had a higher LC3 mRNA expression with the highest at 12 hour time point as compared with the cells grown in CM. DHT treatment reduced the level of LC3 mRNA. ②Blockage of autophagy by 3-MA increased the apoptosis of LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells in SF and SFA just presented a basal level of apoptosis, which is (3.19±1.09)% and (3.01±0.33)% , respectively. Under androgen-free con-ditions, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA could increase apoptosis significantly(10. 90±2.91%). While Z-VAD-FMK, a pan Caspase inhibitor, was able to suppress this apoptotic process to the level of (1.16±0.52)%, which was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusions Androgen removal can lead to the increase of autophagy in LNCaP cells. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy promotes the occurrence of apoptosis.     

Herpes zoster in three healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken); the causative virus differed from vaccine strain on PCR analysis of the IV variable region (R5) and of a PstI-site region

This study was undertaken to determine whether the causative virus was a vaccine-derived or wild-type virus when zoster occurred in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken). The DNAs of clinical isolated strains and vaccine strain (Oka/Biken) were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction with two sets of primers for the variable region IV (R5 tandem direct reiterations, TDR) and for the region with a Pst I site in a middle portion of the long unique segment of the varicella zoster virus genome. Of six zoster patients after vaccination with Biken, three clinical isolates were examined and had two copies in R5 TDR and were Pst I-site positive. Therefore, these strains were different from the vaccine-type strain (Oka/Biken), which had two copies in R5 TDR and was Pst I-site-negative. The mean age of onset of zoster was 4 years. The mean age of vaccination was 25 months. The mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months. Hence the results indicate that the causative virus of zoster in healthy children immunized with varicella vaccine (Oka/Biken) was wild type and differed from the vaccine strain. Some vaccinees probably do not have protective immunity for a long time after immunization because the mean interval between vaccination and onset of zoster was 22 months.     

Molecular cloning, chromosomal location, and tissue-specific expression of the murine cathepsin G gene

We previously have characterized a cluster of genes encoding cathepsin G (CG) and two other CG-like hematopoietic serine proteases, CGL-1 and CGL-2, on human chromosome 14. In this report, we clone and characterize a novel, related murine hematopoietic serine protease gene using human CG (hCG) cDNA as the probe. This murine gene spans approximately 2.5 kb of genomic DNA, is organized into five exons and four introns, and bears a high degree of homology to hCG at both nucleic acid (73%) and deduced amino acid (66%) levels. The predicted cDNA contains an open reading frame of 783 nucleotides that encodes a nascent protein of 261 amino acids. Processing of a putative signal (pre) peptide of 18 residues and an activation (pro) dipeptide would generate a mature enzyme of approximately 27 Kd that has an estimated pI of 12.0. Conserved residues at His44, Asp88, and Ser181 form the characteristic catalytic triad of the serine protease superfamily. The gene is tightly linked to the CTLA-1 locus on murine chromosome 14, where the serine protease genes mCCP1-4 are clustered. Expression of this gene is detected only in the bone marrow and is restricted to a small population of early myeloid cells. These findings are consistent with the identification of the gene encoding murine CG.     

中老年患者脑梗死复发危险因素的临床分析

目的探讨中老年患者脑梗死复发的危险因素并进行分析。方法回顾分析了我院救治的中老年脑梗死患者170例,根据脑梗死复发情况分为复发组(观察组)和未复发组(对照组),观察组88例,对照组82例,对170例患者均进行彩色多普勒超声和头颅CT检查,并比较两组的临床资料,进行统计分析。结果脑梗死复发组的不良生活习惯、常见疾病、颈动脉狭窄程度和脑部病变程度与未复发组比较,均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),男性脑梗死的复发率高于女性,50岁以后是脑梗死的高发年龄。结论 年龄、性别、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、冠心病、颈动脉狭窄程度和脑部病变程度均是中老年患者脑梗死复发的危险因素。     

腺性膀胱炎伴重度不典型增生13例临床分析

日的分析腺性膀胱炎伴重度不典型增生的临床治疗方法。方法介绍2006年12月∽2009年5月在北京大学首钢医院收治的13例腺性膀胱炎伴重度不典型增生患者的治疗经过并随访其预后。术前膀胱镜检均显示膀胱颈部、三角区或／和相邻的左右侧壁多发滤泡和乳头样病变}三角区单发实性块状隆起;病变活检病理为腺性膀胱炎伴重度不典型增生（肿块）、腺性膀胱炎（滤泡及乳头状突起）。结杲12例行经尿道膀胱肿物电切术,术后盐酸吡柔比星30mg膀胱灌注1次／周,连续8次;3、6、9、12个月复查时累计复发病例数分别为2、7、11、11例,此11例在膀胱灌注化疗1次／月后病变消失,随访至2010年2月无复发。1例患者拒绝肿物电切术而接受盐酸吡柔比星30mg长期膀胱灌注1次／周,肿物体积和性质无变化。砖论腺性膀胱炎伴重度不典型增生的治疗宜首选病变切除;不能耐受或不愿行切除手术者可维持长期膀胱灌注化疗,但是必须严密随访并定期活检;首次治疗后未见复发者可继续观察,对于反复复发者可规律膀胱灌注,多数有效。     

前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌诊治特点分析

目的 探讨前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCPCa)的临床特征和诊疗方法.方法 SCPCa患者4例,平均年龄62(25～77)岁.表现进行性排尿困难4例,慢性尿潴留2例,上尿路积水2例.直肠指检前列腺巨大、质硬包块;血tPSA 0.57～6.36 ng/ml,f/tPSA 0.26～0.63.B超、CT、MRI检查见前列腺区3.9 cm×3.9 cm× 1.6 cm～11.3 cm× 7.9 cm×9.5 cm肿块,形态不规则,侵犯精囊2例、直肠2例、单侧输尿管下端2例、骶骨1例,盆腔淋巴结转移3例、肝转移1例、肺转移1例;全身骨扫描示多处骨转移3例.结果 4例均经前列腺穿刺活检确诊,光镜下见癌细胞呈卵圆形或梭形,体积小、胞质少,界限欠清,核分裂相多见,染色质深染;免疫组化染色:ChA(+)4例、NSE(+)2例、PSA(-)4例.采用以顺铂为基础的化疗、放疗、化疗加放疗各1例,近期疗效较好,但分别于6、9、11个月出现全身广泛转移;放弃治疗1例;1年内死亡3例,失访1例.结论 SCPCa临床罕见,肿瘤恶性度高、生长快,发生转移早且严重,诊断依靠病理检查,综合治疗效果不佳,预后极差.     

激素依赖性皮炎的研究进展

由于糖皮质激素外用制剂的不规范应用和误用含激素的化妆品,激素依赖性皮炎的发病率逐年增高。我们复习有关文献,对糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、组织病理及治疗作一综述。