Pulmonary Function in Scleroderma

Pulmonary function tests were performed in 45 patients with scleroderma. Thirteen patients (29%) were found to have restrictive disease, 12 patients (27%) were found to have obstructive disease, and 19 patients (42%) had small airway disease (SAD). Smoking did not seem to be a factor underlying either obstructive or small airway disease in these patients. A low diffusing capacity was most common in patients with restrictive disease and rarely the only abnormality in pulmonary function. SAD was usually found in patients who had normal chest radiographs and no pulmonary symptoms and was often the only abnormality. SAD is therefore an early and sensitive indicator of pulmonary involvement in scleroderma.     

Short-term perioperative outcomes after robot-assisted and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Robotic surgery offers potential technical advantages that may facilitate pancreatic resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning curve and short-term perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic and robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy. All perioperative variables were evaluated and compared retrospectively between laparoscopic (LDP) (n = 23) and robot-assisted (RDP) (n = 11) distal pancreatectomy. The mean total operative time was shorter in LDP (194 vs. 225 min; p = 0.017). All other perioperative criteria were similar between LDP and RDP patients (blood loss, transfusion rate, conversion, pancreatic fistula, postoperative morbidity, and duration of hospitalization). Non-adjusted CUSUM curve for composite events including operative time, conversion, postoperative morbidity and reoperation rates showed that the RDP learning curve corresponded to the first seven consecutive patients. During early experience, RDP was associated with longer operative time but similar short-term perioperative outcomes compared to conventional distal pancreatectomy.     

Elevated Src family kinase activity stabilizes E-cadherin-based junctions and collective movement of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

EGF receptor (EGFR) overexpression is thought to drive head and neck carcinogenesis however clinical responses to EGFR-targeting agents have been modest and alternate targets are actively sought to improve results. Src family kinases (SFKs), reported to act downstream of EGFR are among the alternative targets for which increased expression or activity in epithelial tumors is commonly associated to the dissolution of E-cadherin-based junctions and acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Robust expression of total and activated Src was observed in advanced stage head and neck tumors (N=60) and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. In cultured cancer cells Src co-localized with E-cadherin in cell-cell junctions and its phosphorylation on Y419 was both constitutive and independent of EGFR activation. Selective inhibition of SFKs with SU6656 delocalized E-cadherin and disrupted cellular junctions without affecting E-cadherin expression and this effect was phenocopied by knockdown of Src or Yes. These findings reveal an EGFR-independent role for SFKs in the maintenance of intercellular junctions, which likely contributes to the cohesive invasion E-cadherin-positive cells in advanced tumors. Further, they highlight the need for a deeper comprehension of molecular pathways that drive collective cell invasion, in absence of mesenchymal transition, in order to combat tumor spread.     

Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study

Background and aimsIn type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the reduction of glycemic variability and postprandial glucose excursions is essential to limit diabetes complications, beyond HbA1c level. This study aimed at determining whether increasing the content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) in T2D patients’ diet could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability compared with a conventional low-SDS diet.Methods and resultsFor this randomized cross-over pilot study, 8 subjects with T2D consumed a controlled diet for one week, containing starchy products high or low in SDS. Glycemic variability parameters were evaluated using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Glycemic variability was significantly lower during High-SDS diet compared to Low-SDS diet for MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions, p < 0.01), SD (Standard Deviation, p < 0.05), and CV (Coefficient of Variation, p < 0.01). The TIR (Time In Range) [140–180 mg/dL[ was significantly higher during High-SDS diet (p < 0.0001) whereas TIRs ≥180 mg/dL were significantly lower during High-SDS diet. Post-meals tAUC (total Area Under the Curve) were significantly lower during High-SDS diet.ConclusionOne week of High-SDS Diet in T2D patients significantly improves glycemic variability and reduces postprandial glycemic excursions. Modulation of starch digestibility in the diet could be used as a simple nutritional tool in T2D patients to improve daily glycemic control.Registration numberin clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03289494.