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101.
Lauren A Weiss Claudia Langenberg Elizabeth Barrett-Connor 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2006,21(5):752-757
Laboratory studies suggest that ghrelin is involved in bone metabolism, but studies of ghrelin and bone in humans are limited. We studied sex-specific associations of ghrelin with BMD, NTX, and bone loss. Ghrelin was not associated with BMD or bone loss in either sex. There was a significant inverse association with NTX in men but not in women. INTRODUCTION: Ghrelin is a gastric hormone recently shown to be associated with bone metabolism in animal and in vitro studies. Studies in humans are limited. We investigated the association of ghrelin with BMD, the bone resorption marker N-telopeptide (NTX), and bone loss in older men and women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 977 community-dwelling men and non-estrogen-using postmenopausal women, 50-91 years of age. Plasma ghrelin was measured by radioimmunoassay from blood obtained between 1984 and 1987. Between 1988 and 1991, BMD was measured at the midshaft radius by single photon absorptiometry and at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine by DXA. Axial BMD measurements were repeated an average of 4 years later in 544 participants. Bone turnover was assessed by NTX in urine obtained at the same time as the initial BMD. Multiple regression analyses were used to test sex-specific associations of ghrelin with BMD, NTX, and bone loss in both sexes. RESULTS: No significant ghrelin-BMD or ghrelin-bone loss associations were observed in either sex, after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Ghrelin was inversely associated with NTX in men and positively associated with NTX in women, independent of age. After adjusting for both age and BMI, this association reached statistical significance in men and was weakened in women. CONCLUSIONS: Ghrelin may be associated with bone turnover, but there is no evidence for an association with BMD or short-term change in BMD in older adults. 相似文献
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Deborah A Hall Elizabeth Berry-Kravis Randi J Hagerman Paul J Hagerman Cathlin D Rice Maureen A Leehey 《Movement disorders》2006,21(10):1741-1744
There is no established treatment for the neurological features of the recently discovered fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Fifty-six patients with FXTAS completed a questionnaire to determine whether any medications had been effective for neurological symptoms. Of 11 subjects with definite FXTAS, 8 (70%) were on medications for their neurological symptoms, whereas most subjects with possible or probable FXTAS, 31 (70%) of 45 subjects, were not on medications. Although no therapy was uniformly effective for intention tremor, ataxia, Parkinsonism, memory loss, or anxiety, some subjects with intention tremor or Parkinsonism reported improvement with medications frequently used in other movement disorders. Overall, all 22 subjects on medications reported improvement in one or more symptoms. Lack of insight, recall bias, and cognitive impairment may have resulted in an underestimation of the beneficial effect of medical therapy. This study suggests that patients with FXTAS can derive improvement from medication treatment for some of their symptoms. 相似文献
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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a mixture of positional and geometric dienoic isomers of linoleic acid found naturally in animal products of ruminant sources. Recent interest in CLA research stems from the well-documented anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties of CLA in rodents. However, there has been very little published human research on CLA. This review discusses the physiologic properties of CLA and their potential implications for human health. 相似文献
106.
April R. Bradley Elizabeth A. Yeater William O’Donohue 《The journal of primary prevention》2009,30(6):697-715
This study evaluated the short-term effectiveness of a mixed-gender sexual assault prevention program developed for college
students. Program participants (n = 177) were compared to non-program participants (n = 132) prior to the program and during a 2-week follow-up period on measures of rape myths, victim empathy, perceived negative
consequences and estimated likelihood of committing rape, sexual communication, sexual assault awareness, and risky dating
behavior. The prevention program was effective at increasing men’s victim empathy and decreasing their adherence to rape myths
but ineffective at changing women’s assault-related knowledge, participation in risky dating behaviors, and sexual communication
strategies. Limitations of the study and directions for future research in sexual assault prevention are addressed. Editors’ Strategic Implications: This study provides an important example of the limitations of a single session prevention programming approach (even if
it is well designed and executed) in addressing a systemic and pervasive problem like sexual assault on college campuses. 相似文献
107.
Steven C. Cunningham M.D. Farin Kamangar M.D. M.P.H. Min P. Kim M.D. Sommer Hammoud Raqeeb Haque Anirban Maitra M.B.B.S. Elizabeth Montgomery M.D. Richard E. Heitmiller M.D. F.A.C.S. Michael A. Choti M.D. F.A.C.S. Keith D. Lillemoe M.D. F.A.C.S. John L. Cameron M.D. F.A.C.S. F.R.C.S. F.R.C.S.I. Charles J. Yeo M.D. F.A.C.S. Richard D. Schulick M.D. F.A.C.S. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2005,9(5):718-725
Gastric adenocarcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Western series, survival rates vary widely
and are generally lower than those reported from Eastern series. We performed a retrospective analysis of cases operated on
at the Johns Hopkins Hospital over the past 18 years and collected data on demographics, tumor characteristics, pathologic
stage, treatment methods, complications, survival time, and other relevant factors. Survival according to stage of disease,
Lauren tumor type, tumorlocation,time period, andadministration of adjuvant therapy wasanalyzed, andresultswerecompared with
those of other Western series. During this period, 436 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent resection. We have shown
a statistically significant association between survival and margin status, stage of disease, and Lauren tumor type. Overall
5-year survival was 26%, and 5-year survival after R0 resection was 33%. No significant difference was detected between survival
and tumor location, time period of treatment, or administration of adjuvant therapy. Analysis of various Western series reveals
major differences between the cohorts under study, such as stage of disease, extent of resection, tumor type, and tumor location.
Many of the reported differences among Western series may be due to cohort differences, such as stage of disease, extent of
resection, tumor type, and tumor location. 相似文献
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Hugh Devlin Kety Karayianni Anastasia Mitsea Reinhilde Jacobs Christina Lindh Paul van der Stelt Elizabeth Marjanovic Judith Adams Susan Pavitt Keith Horner 《Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics》2007,104(6):821-828
OBJECTIVES: Measurement of cortical thickness and subjective assessment of cortical porosity on panoramic radiographs are methods previously reported for diagnosing osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to determine the relative efficacy of the mandibular cortical index and cortical width in detecting osteoporosis, both alone and in combination, and to determine the optimal cortical width threshold for referral for additional osteoporosis investigation. STUDY DESIGN: Six hundred seventy-one postmenopausal women 45 to 70 years of age were recruited for this study. They received dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the left hip and lumbar spine (L1 to L4), and dental panoramic radiographic examinations of the teeth and jaws. Three observers separately assessed the mandibular cortical width and porosity in the mental foramen region of the mandible. Cortical width was corrected for magnification errors. Chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis (CHAID) software was used (SPSS AnswerTree, version 3.1, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS: Chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis showed that the cortical porosity was a poorer predictor of osteoporosis than mandibular cortical width. For the 3 observers, a mandibular cortical width of <3 mm provided diagnostic odds ratios of 6.51, 6.09, and 8.04. The test is therefore only recommended in triage screening of individuals by using radiographs made for purposes other than osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: When evaluating panoramic radiographs, only those patients with the thinnest mandibular cortices (i.e., <3 mm) should be referred for further osteoporosis investigation. 相似文献