全文获取类型
收费全文 | 60500篇 |
免费 | 4513篇 |
国内免费 | 171篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 584篇 |
儿科学 | 2272篇 |
妇产科学 | 1665篇 |
基础医学 | 8201篇 |
口腔科学 | 1499篇 |
临床医学 | 7612篇 |
内科学 | 11841篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1012篇 |
神经病学 | 5613篇 |
特种医学 | 1236篇 |
外国民族医学 | 38篇 |
外科学 | 6071篇 |
综合类 | 548篇 |
一般理论 | 104篇 |
预防医学 | 8328篇 |
眼科学 | 806篇 |
药学 | 3482篇 |
中国医学 | 227篇 |
肿瘤学 | 4045篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 87篇 |
2023年 | 626篇 |
2022年 | 956篇 |
2021年 | 1980篇 |
2020年 | 1210篇 |
2019年 | 1829篇 |
2018年 | 2163篇 |
2017年 | 1548篇 |
2016年 | 1634篇 |
2015年 | 1766篇 |
2014年 | 2431篇 |
2013年 | 3466篇 |
2012年 | 4896篇 |
2011年 | 5165篇 |
2010年 | 2663篇 |
2009年 | 2298篇 |
2008年 | 4048篇 |
2007年 | 4027篇 |
2006年 | 3669篇 |
2005年 | 3525篇 |
2004年 | 3144篇 |
2003年 | 2783篇 |
2002年 | 2626篇 |
2001年 | 522篇 |
2000年 | 409篇 |
1999年 | 491篇 |
1998年 | 505篇 |
1997年 | 388篇 |
1996年 | 320篇 |
1995年 | 334篇 |
1994年 | 295篇 |
1993年 | 251篇 |
1992年 | 229篇 |
1991年 | 197篇 |
1990年 | 184篇 |
1989年 | 156篇 |
1988年 | 150篇 |
1987年 | 107篇 |
1986年 | 129篇 |
1985年 | 136篇 |
1984年 | 141篇 |
1983年 | 116篇 |
1982年 | 131篇 |
1981年 | 164篇 |
1980年 | 122篇 |
1979年 | 81篇 |
1978年 | 79篇 |
1977年 | 70篇 |
1976年 | 74篇 |
1974年 | 70篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Elizabeth A. Maher Isaac Marin‐Valencia Robert M. Bachoo Tomoyuki Mashimo Jack Raisanen Kimmo J. Hatanpaa Ashish Jindal F. Mark Jeffrey Changho Choi Christopher Madden Dana Mathews Juan M. Pascual Bruce E. Mickey Craig R. Malloy Ralph J. DeBerardinis 《NMR in biomedicine》2012,25(11):1234-1244
Glioblastomas and brain metastases demonstrate avid uptake of 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose by positron emission tomography and display perturbations of intracellular metabolite pools by 1H MRS. These observations suggest that metabolic reprogramming contributes to brain tumor growth in vivo. The Warburg effect, excess metabolism of glucose to lactate in the presence of oxygen, is a hallmark of cancer cells in culture. 2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose‐positive tumors are assumed to metabolize glucose in a similar manner, with high rates of lactate formation relative to mitochondrial glucose oxidation, but few studies have specifically examined the metabolic fates of glucose in vivo. In particular, the capacity of human brain cancers to oxidize glucose in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is unknown. Here, we studied the metabolism of human brain tumors in situ. [U‐13 C]Glucose (uniformly labeled glucose, i.e. d ‐glucose labeled with 13 C in all six carbons) was infused during surgical resection, and tumor samples were subsequently subjected to 13C NMR spectroscopy. The analysis of tumor metabolites revealed lactate production, as expected. We also determined that pyruvate dehydrogenase, turnover of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerosis and de novo glutamine and glycine synthesis contributed significantly to the ultimate disposition of glucose carbon. Surprisingly, less than 50% of the acetyl‐coenzyme A pool was derived from blood‐borne glucose, suggesting that additional substrates contribute to tumor bioenergetics. This study illustrates a convenient approach that capitalizes on the high information content of 13C NMR spectroscopy and enables the analysis of intermediary metabolism in diverse cancers growing in their native microenvironment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Iris Schrijver Nazneen Aziz Daniel H. Farkas Manohar Furtado Andrea Ferreira Gonzalez Timothy C. Greiner Wayne W. Grody Tina Hambuch Lisa Kalman Jeffrey A. Kant Roger D. Klein Debra G.B. Leonard Ira M. Lubin Rong Mao Narasimhan Nagan Victoria M. Pratt Mark E. Sobel Karl V. Voelkerding Jane S. Gibson 《The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD》2012,14(6):525-540
994.
Paulo Ricardo Saquete Martins-Filho Thiago de Santana Santos Vanessa Lessa Cavalcanti de Araújo Joanes Silva Santos Emanuel Sávio de Souza Andrade Luiz Carlos Ferreira da Silva 《Revista brasileira de otorrinolaringologia (English ed.)》2012,78(2):16-21
The traumatic bone cyst is characterized by the presence of an asymptomatic sinus devoid of epithelial lining, which is rarely found in the jaws.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical, surgical and radiographic findings of traumatic bone cysts.Material and MethodA retrospective study was made of patients diagnosed with traumatic bone cysts at an oral pathology department from 1992 to 2007. Data on the clinical, radiographic and surgical complications were gathered.ResultsTwenty-six cases of traumatic bone cyst were diagnosed in 15 years; 17 were male and 09 were female. Most patients were within first two decades of life and had no pain or history of trauma in the affected area. The multilocular pattern was observed in only seven cases, its radiographic appearance suggests a tumor. Air was found inside the lesion in about 70% of cases; serous fluid with blood and blood only were uncommon within the lesions.ConclusionA higher prevalence in young patients, absence of a history of trauma, and a small number of lesions containing serous fluid with blood reflects the need to discuss the true pathogenesis of traumatic bone cysts. 相似文献
995.
This research used data from a study on daily emotional experience in adulthood to examine the associations between age, emotion
complexity, and emotion regulation. Data were drawn from a study of daily stress that included 239 participants ranging in
age from 18 to 89 from North Central Florida. Two indicators of emotion complexity were considered: emotion differentiation
and the co-occurrence of positive and negative affect. Emotion regulation was assessed in terms of individuals’ likelihood
of maintaining adaptive emotion states. There were no age differences in adults’ co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions.
In contrast to theories suggesting age would be associated with greater emotion complexity, the findings revealed that older
adults had lower differentiation scores than younger adults. Age was also associated with more adaptive patterns of emotion
regulation. Specifically, older adults persisted in low negative states and moved out of high negative states more readily
than younger adults. Finally, neuroticism, self-concept incoherence, mean daily stress, and emotion complexity were associated
with emotion regulation. Notably, adults who reported a greater mix of positive and negative affect moved out of high negative
affect states more rapidly than adults with lower co-occurrence scores. This finding is in keeping with a growing body of
work suggesting that positive affect promotes recovery from negative affect. Overall, the findings suggest that although emotion
complexity is associated with emotion regulation, it does not appear to be a key factor underlying age differences in emotion
regulation. 相似文献
996.
997.
Elizabeth L. Berkow Shawn R. Lockhart 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2018,90(3):196-197
CD101 is a new echinocandin with a prolonged half-life. CD101 was tested by broth microdilution against 100 isolates of the emerging yeast Candida auris. It showed activity against most isolates, including some that were resistant to other echinocandins. 相似文献
998.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hemopathies that exhibit physical manifestations with clinical consequences of bone marrow failure and inherent risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Iron overload (IO) is common in MDS due to chronic transfusion support and disease-related alterations in iron metabolism. IO has been conclusively associated with inferior outcomes among MDS patients. Despite lack of randomized trials showing a survival impact of iron chelation therapy (ICT), ICT is recommended by experts and guidelines for select MDS patients with IO and is often used. The availability of effective oral ICT agents has reignited the controversy regarding ICT use in patients with MDS and IO. Here we summarize the studies evaluating the value of ICT in MDS and suggest a practical approach for use of these therapies. We also highlight controversies regarding use of ICT in MDS and discuss some ongoing efforts to answer these questions. 相似文献
999.
Florian Stengel Andrew J. Baldwin Alexander J. Painter Nomalie Jaya Eman Basha Lewis E. Kay Elizabeth Vierling Carol V. Robinson Justin L. P. Benesch 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2010,107(5):2007-2012
Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of molecular chaperones that prevent protein aggregation by binding clients destabilized during cellular stress. Here we probe the architecture and dynamics of complexes formed between an oligomeric sHSP and client by employing unique mass spectrometry strategies. We observe over 300 different stoichiometries of interaction, demonstrating that an ensemble of structures underlies the protection these chaperones confer to unfolding clients. This astonishing heterogeneity not only makes the system quite distinct in behavior to ATP-dependent chaperones, but also renders it intractable by conventional structural biology approaches. We find that thermally regulated quaternary dynamics of the sHSP establish and maintain the plasticity of the system. This extends the paradigm that intrinsic dynamics are crucial to protein function to include equilibrium fluctuations in quaternary structure, and suggests they are integral to the sHSPs’ role in the cellular protein homeostasis network. 相似文献
1000.
Marta Agudo Ping Yip Meirion Davies Elizabeth Bradbury Patrick Doherty Stephen McMahon Malcolm Maden Jonathan P.T. Corcoran 《Neurobiology of disease》2010,37(1):147-155
After spinal cord injury in the adult mammal, axons do not normally regrow and this commonly leads to paralysis. Retinoic acid (RA) can stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro of both the embryonic central and peripheral nervous system, via activation of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) β2. We show here that regions of the adult CNS, including the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, express RARβ2. We show that when cerebellar neurons are grown in the presence of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) which inhibits neurite outgrowth, RARβ can be activated in a dose dependent manner by a RARβ agonist (CD2019) and neurite outgrowth can occur via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. In a model of spinal cord injury CD2019 also acts through PI3K signalling to induce axonal outgrowth of descending corticospinal fibres and promote functional recovery. Our data suggest that RARβ agonists may be of therapeutic potential for human spinal cord injuries. 相似文献