全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5191篇 |
免费 | 349篇 |
国内免费 | 45篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 45篇 |
儿科学 | 108篇 |
妇产科学 | 182篇 |
基础医学 | 823篇 |
口腔科学 | 84篇 |
临床医学 | 436篇 |
内科学 | 1318篇 |
皮肤病学 | 88篇 |
神经病学 | 616篇 |
特种医学 | 116篇 |
外科学 | 468篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 300篇 |
眼科学 | 78篇 |
药学 | 427篇 |
中国医学 | 9篇 |
肿瘤学 | 476篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 53篇 |
2022年 | 118篇 |
2021年 | 181篇 |
2020年 | 111篇 |
2019年 | 149篇 |
2018年 | 152篇 |
2017年 | 114篇 |
2016年 | 167篇 |
2015年 | 165篇 |
2014年 | 193篇 |
2013年 | 286篇 |
2012年 | 405篇 |
2011年 | 407篇 |
2010年 | 240篇 |
2009年 | 193篇 |
2008年 | 367篇 |
2007年 | 362篇 |
2006年 | 307篇 |
2005年 | 337篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 264篇 |
2002年 | 257篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有5585条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
Human gammadelta T cells: a nonredundant system in the immune-surveillance against cancer. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Marina Ferrarini Elisabetta Ferrero Lorenzo Dagna Alessandro Poggi Maria Raffaella Zocchi 《Trends in immunology》2002,23(1):14-18
Down-regulation of expression of MHC alleles, as well as tumor-specific antigens, is observed frequently during tumor progression, resulting in an impairment of MHC-restricted, alphabeta-T-cell-mediated, tumor-specific immunity. Given the unique set of antigens recognized and the lack of requirement for classical antigen-presenting molecules, gammadelta T cells might, therefore, represent a nonredundant system in anticancer surveillance, as proposed for the immune response against pathogens. Evidence that gammadelta and alphabeta T cells make distinct contributions to anticancer surveillance has been provided recently in mice. Here, we discuss the potential role played by resident Vdelta1(+) and circulating Vdelta2(+) T cells in the defense against solid tumors and hematological malignancies. 相似文献
33.
Stefania Barozzi Daniela Soi Elisabetta Intieri Marisa Giani Mirko Aldè Eleonora Tonon Lia Signorini Alessandra Renieri Chiara Fallerini Paola Perin Giovanni Montini Umberto Ambrosetti 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(10):2345-2358
Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in collagen IV, which is widespread in the basement membranes of many organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and ears. Whereas the effects of collagen IV changes in the cochlea are well known, no changes have been described in the posterior labyrinth. The aim of this study was to investigate both the auditory and the vestibular function of a group of individuals with AS. Seventeen patients, aged 9–52, underwent audiological tests including pure‐tone and speech audiometry, immittance test and otoacoustic emissions and vestibular tests including video head impulse test, rotatory test, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Hearing loss affected 25% of the males and 27.3% of the females with X‐linked AS. It was sensorineural with a cochlear localization and a variable severity. 50% of the males and 45.4% of the females had a hearing impairment in the high‐frequency range. Otoacoustic emissions were absent in about one‐third of the individuals. A peripheral vestibular dysfunction was present in 75% of the males and 45.4% of the females, with no complaints of vertigo or dizziness. The vestibular impairment was compensated and the vestibulo‐ocular reflex asymmetry was more evident in rotatory tests carried out at lower than higher speeds; a vestibular hypofunction was present in all hearing impaired ears although it was also found in subjects with normal hearing. A posterior labyrinth injury should be hypothesized in AS even when the patient does not manifest hearing disorders or evident signs of renal failure. 相似文献
34.
Buonaguro L Tagliamonte M Tornesello ML Pilotti E Casoli C Lazzarin A Tambussi G Ciccozzi M Rezza G Buonaguro FM;Italian Concerted Action on PHI Treatment 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2004,37(2):1295-1306
OBJECTIVE: The increasing prevalence of HIV-1 transmission through heterosexual contacts and the growing number of immigrants from non-Western countries, where non-B subtypes and recombinant forms are prevalent, suggest the possible emergence in Italy of a new epidemic wave of HIV-1 non-B subtypes as well as recombinant forms. METHODS: The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes has been evaluated in 63 seropositive individuals residing in Italy, most of whom were infected through a sexual route during the last 5 years. A modified heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) strategy, reverse HMA (rHMA), has been developed in our laboratory, allowing rapid identification of divergent-from-B-subtype isolates, which have been subsequently characterized by detailed molecular and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS: Five samples show, on rHMA, an electrophoretic pattern compatible with a non-B subtype classification. Their phylogenetic analysis, performed on both env and gag regions, confirms the rHMA subtyping prediction, given that 3 samples fall into the "A-family" subtype and 2 into the G subtype. The 5 non-B-subtype HIV-1 isolates have been identified among 23 variants (prevalence, 21.74%) isolated during the 2000 to 2001 period in heterosexuals. In parallel, B-subtype isolates show high levels of intrasubtype nucleotide divergence, compatible with a constant HIV-1 molecular diversification. CONCLUSION: The Italian HIV-1 epidemic is still mostly attributable to the B subtype, which shows an increasing nucleotide heterogeneity. Heterosexual transmission and the interracial blending, however, are slowly introducing novel HIV-1 subtypes, and the data indicate that rHMA represents a powerful tool for HIV-1 biomolecular screening in epidemics characterized by a mono-/dual-subtype predominance. 相似文献
35.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis subverts the differentiation of human monocytes into dendritic cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mariotti S Teloni R Iona E Fattorini L Giannoni F Romagnoli G Orefici G Nisini R 《European journal of immunology》2002,32(11):3050-3058
Intracellular pathogens have developed strategies for evading elimination by the defenses of the host immune system. Here we describe an escape mechanism utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that involves the interference with the generation of fully competent DC from monocytes. We show that monocytes infected with live M. tuberculosis differentiated into mature, CD83+ and CCR7+ DC (Mt-MoDC), but were characterized by a selective failure in the expression of the family of CD1 molecules. These cells also showed levels of MHC class II and CD80 (B7.1) that were reduced in comparison with LPS-matured DC. In addition, Mt-MoDC produced TNF-alpha and IL-10, but were unable to secrete IL-12. The generation of Mt-MoDC required the infection of monocytes with live M. tuberculosis, since infection with heat-killed bacteria partially abrogated the effects on monocyte differentiation. Interestingly, Mt-MoDC revealed an impaired antigen-presentation function as assessed by the reduced capability to induce proliferation of cord blood T lymphocytes. Further, naive T lymphocytes expanded by Mt-MoDC were unable to secrete cytokines, in particular IL-4 and IFN-gamma, suggesting that they could be ineffective in helping the macrophage-mediated killing of intracellular mycobacteria. Our results suggest that the interference with monocyte differentiation into fully competent DC is an evasion mechanism of M. tuberculosis that could contribute to its intracellular persistence by avoiding immune recognition. 相似文献
36.
Mario Cocco Cristiana Bellan Roxane Tussiwand Davide Corti Elisabetta Traggiai Stefano Lazzi Susanna Mannucci Lucio Bronz Nazzareno Palummo Chiara Ginanneschi Piero Tosi Antonio Lanzavecchia Markus G. Manz Lorenzo Leoncini 《The American journal of pathology》2008,173(5):1369-1378
Recent studies suggest that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can infect naïve B cells, driving them to differentiate into resting memory B cells via the germinal center reaction. This hypothesis has been inferred from parallels with the biology of normal B cells but has never been proven experimentally. Rag2−/− γc−/− mice that were transplanted with human CD34+ cord blood cells as newborns were recently shown to develop human B, T, and dendritic cells, constituting lymphoid organs in situ. Here we used this model to better define the strategy of EBV infection of human B cells in vivo and to compare this model system with different conditions of EBV infection in humans. Our results support the model of EBV persistence in vivo in cases that were characterized by follicular hyperplasia and a relatively normal CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell distribution. Intriguingly, in cases that were characterized by nodular and diffuse proliferation with a preponderance of CD8+ T cells, similar to infectious mononucleosis, EBV still infects naïve B cells but also induces clonal expansion and ongoing somatic mutations without germinal center reactions. Our results reveal different strategies of EBV infection in B cells that possibly result from variations in the host immune response. Future experiments might allow understanding of the mechanisms responsible for persistent EBV infection and provide targets for more highly tailored therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
37.
S. Luzzi S. Franchi-Micheli S. Spagnesi Elisabetta Rosi M. Ciuffi Lucilla Zilletti 《Inflammation research》1985,16(3-4):160-162
Inhibitory effect of GABA on anaphylactic histamine releasein vitro is not mimicked by 2-aminoethansulphonic acid (taurine), an aminoacid unrelated to GABA neurotransmission.Tetrodotoxin (TTX) 6×10–7
M, a concentration known to block neuronal mechanism but not to modify muscle membrane and anaphylactic histamine release, strongly prevented the inhibition caused by GABA in the Schultz-Dale reaction and in anaphylactic histamine release.The inhibitory effect of GABA on anaphylactic reactionin vitro thus appears to be specific for this aminoacid and is neurogenic in nature, in that it requires integrity of neuronal mechanisms. 相似文献
38.
39.
Piccolo Elisabetta E. L. Johnson Thomas W. Wassersug Richard J. 《Archives of sexual behavior》2022,51(4):2337-2351
Archives of Sexual Behavior - The Eunuch Archive (EA) is an online community which includes individuals who read and write sexual fantasies with themes related to castration and eunuchs. Here we... 相似文献
40.
Ester Illiano Francesco Trama Vito Mancini Antonio Ruffo Giuseppe Romeo Filippo Riccardo Consuelo Fabi Giuseppe Carrieri Felice Crocetto Fabrizio Iacono Elisabetta Costantini 《Translational andrology and urology》2021,10(2):555
BackgroundPeyonie’s disease (PD) mostly affects males in the fifth decade of life, with a prevalence in the general population ranging between 0.5% and 20.3%. The pathology of PD is characterized by fibrosis of the tunic albuginea of the cavernous bodies of the penis, with the presence of pain in the erection and penile deformity. This is associated with decreased sexual function for both participants. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of PD pathology on both male patients’ and their female partners’ sexual spheres, and analyze changes in sexual function and perception following penile correction surgery.MethodsProspective study, we included male patients with PD and their female partner sexually active. Patients underwent corporoplasty with multiple plications. The male and female sexuality was evaluated before surgery and three months after male treatment by the Female sexual Function Index (FSFI); International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF); Visual Analogical Scale (VAS).ResultsFrom January 2018 to November 2019 we included 35 couple. The female subjects before partner’s surgery presented dyspareunia, loss of sexual desire, inability to achieve orgasm, and sexual dissatisfaction. At three months after surgical treatment there was an improvement of sexual function in both male patients and female partners (desire P<0.0001, arousal P<0.0001, lubrification P<0.0001, orgasm P<0.0001, satisfaction P<0.0001, pain P<0.0001). As regarding male patients the pain decreased significantly (VAS score from 6 to 2.5), while there was no statistically significant improvement in erectile function (P=0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a viable approach to treatment of PD patients that involves their partners could lead to better functional and psychological results. 相似文献