美国医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用管理策略及对我国的启示

抗菌药物管理计划的制定与实施是国外医疗机构提高抗菌药物合理使用水平的重要措施。在Pubmed等数据库文件检索的基础上,以美国疾病控制与预防中心开发的抗菌药物应用管理机制为主要研究对象,对国外医院抗菌药物管理项目及其相关评价研究从两方面进行归纳阐述,包括宏观层面管理和抗菌药物临床使用的细节管理。旨在通过借鉴国外经验,对我国医疗机构抗菌药物管理实践与研究的发展提出建议。     

静脉用药集中调配中心信息管理软件设计及实践

目的建立适合静脉用药集中调配中心工作的信息系统。方法利用Powerbuilder 9．0开发工具在现有医院信息系统（HIS）的基础上增加PIVAS模块,并使之与临床工作站对接。结果PIVAS模块运行稳定,实现了医嘱的审核、发药、收费、快速统计查询、分类打印等功能。结论信息技术可显著提高PIVAS的工作效率,提升药学服务质量和水平。     

巩膜隧道切口和透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术后泪膜的影响

目的 探究巩膜隧道切口和透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术后泪膜的影响。 方法 选取2014年2月至2015年10月接受白内障超声乳化摘除手术的白内障患者86例为研究对象,按手术切口不同分为实验组和对照组,每组43例。实验组患者采用透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化摘除术,对照组患者采用巩膜隧道切口进行手术,分别于术后第1、7、15和30天观察两种切口白内障超声乳化摘除术对患者泪膜功能的影响。 结果 术后第1、7、15天,实验组患者的泪膜破裂时间均较术前缩短,且实验组患者的泪膜破裂时间显著短于对照组;术后第30天,两组患者的泪膜破裂时间均较术前明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后第1、7、15、30天,两组患者的泪液分泌量均较术前明显增多,且实验组患者的泪液分泌量明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。 结论 与巩膜隧道切口行白内障超声乳化摘除术比较,透明角膜切口对患者术后泪膜功能的影响较小,是更值得在临床推广的白内障超声乳化摘除术的一种切口方式。     

影像专科护士核心能力评价指标的构建、信效度检验分析

目的　探讨影像专科护士核心能力评价指标的构建、信效度检验分析。方法　首先成立研究小组查阅相关文献资料,经过研究小组成员反复讨论并邀请影像专科护士讨论、修改、完善评价指标体系框架,形成影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系专家咨询问卷。通过两轮专家咨询构建影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系,并以构建的指标体系为依据编制问卷调查表。采用问卷调查的方法验证本研究所构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系的合理性和科学性。结果　构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标体系包括3个一级指标、20个二级指标和48个三级指标。评价指标体系总体Cronbach’s α系数为0.972,一级指标影像专科护理理论知识、影像专科护士护理实践技能、相关能力的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.915、0.934、0.924。指标体系总体内容效度（content validity index,CVI）指数（S-CVI）为0.977,各条目的内容效度指数（I-CVI）为0.812~1.000。一级指标与指标体系总体相关系数为0.800~0.936（P<0.05）,二级指标与相应一级指标相关系数为0.562~0.972（P<0.05）,三级指标与相应一级指标的相关系数为0.362~0.914（P<0.05）。结论　构建的影像专科护士核心能力评价指标问卷信度良好,内部结构一致,具有较好的可行性、可靠性、合理性和科学性,为影像专科护士核心能力培养考核和评价提供了理论依据和实践指南。     

Ligand-assisted morphology regulation of AuNi bimetallic nanocrystals for efficient hydrogen evolution

We report the controllable synthesis of AuNi core–shell (c-AuNi) and Janus (j-AuNi) nanocrystals (NCs) with uniform shape, tunable size and compositions in the presence of trioctylphosphine (TOP) or triphenylphosphine (TPP). The morphology of the AuNi bimetallic NCs could be regulated by varying the structure and concentration of phosphine ligands. The ligand-directed structural evolution mechanism of AuNi bimetallic NCs was investigated and discussed in detail. When loaded on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) for photocatalytic hydrogen generation, the obtained j-AuNi NCs showed much higher activity for hydrogen evolution than the monometallic (Au and Ni) counterparts, owing to the synergistic effect of plasmon enhanced light absorption from the Au portion and additional electron sink effect from the Ni portion. This work provides a promising route for preparing low-cost Au-based bimetallic catalysts with controllable morphologies and high activities for hydrogen production.

Bimetallic AuNi Janus and core–shell nanocrystals were synthesized by varying the structure and concentration of phosphine ligands, and showed excellent H₂ evolution activity when loaded on graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic H₂ generation.     

Effects of Illitic Clay on the Phases,Microstructure, Physical Properties and Pyroplastic Deformation of Industrial Slag Ceramics

Preparing ceramic materials is a meaningful way to treat and utilize industrial slags. In this work, high-performance and low-deformation industrial slag ceramics were prepared from Ti-extraction blast furnace slag and illitic clay. The phase composition and contents, microstructure, physical properties, and pyroplastic deformation of ceramic samples were investigated. With the increasing proportion of illitic clay, the main crystalline phase of ceramic samples changed from akermanite to Fe-bearing diopside. Moreover, the minor crystalline phases changed from perovskite and spinel to anorthite and titanite. The proportion of illitic clay was linearly related to the amorphous phase content. The dense microstructure comprised concentrated short-columnar and granular grains with a few isolated pores, whereas plate-like grains destroyed their denseness. An appropriate proportion of illitic clay helped to improve the physical properties, increase the high-temperature viscosity and reduce the deformation of the ceramics. The optimal proportion of illitic clay was 30%, and the prepared ceramic sample had a dense microstructure and excellent physical properties. Its bulk density was 2.82 g/cm³, bending strength was 62.17 MPa, and water absorption was 0.21%.     

0.005%阿托品滴眼液控制低度近视儿童近视进展的安全性及有效性

目的:观察低度近视儿童应用质量分数0.005%阿托品滴眼液控制近视进展的安全性及有效性。方法:前瞻性对照研究。116例116眼低度近视儿童根据受试者和监护人意愿分为两组。阿托品(试验)组：58例58眼近视儿童配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜,同时睡前双眼各点1滴质量分数0.005%的阿托品滴眼液。框架镜(对照)组：58例58眼近视儿童仅配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜。用药前及用药后每4mo复查一次,共随访12mo,观察两组近视等效球镜度、眼轴长度、瞳孔直径和调节幅度的变化情况及试验组的不适症状。结果:随访1a后,两组的近视等效球镜度和眼轴长度治疗前后均有差异(P<0.05);两组间近视等效球镜屈光度增加量无差异(P>0.05);两组间眼轴长度增加量有微小差异,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组的瞳孔直径增加量有差异(P<0.05);两组的调节幅度下降量有差异(P<0.01)。试验组不适症状：用药初期6眼(10.3%)出现畏光,其中4眼用药2wk后畏光消失,余2眼4wk后消失。无视近模糊、过敏等其它不适症状。结论:低度近视儿童规律应用质量分数0.005%阿托品滴眼液1a,与...     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对预防子宫内膜息肉宫腔镜电切术后复发的效果观察

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对预防子宫内膜息肉(Endometrialpolyps,EP)宫腔镜电切术后复发的效果.方法:选择江西省妇幼保健院2017年5月至2019年12月采取宫腔镜电切术的60例EP患者,根据术后治疗方法不同随机分为观察组(36例)与对照组(24例),其中观察组给予含有左炔诺孕酮52 mg缓释系...     

Efficacy analysis of Cheng’s GIRAFFE reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction

ObjectiveReconstruction of the digestive tract for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) is in dispute. This study evaluated Cheng’s gastric tube interposition esophagogastrostomy with reconstruction of His angle and fundus (Cheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis) in laparoscopic/open proximal gastrectomy for Siewert type II AEG, which was performed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Here, we discuss the preliminary results of gastric emptying and anti-reflux.MethodsFrom a retrospective database, 74 patients with advanced Siewert type II AEG underwent curative proximal gastrectomy with GIRAFFE anastomosis, and their gastric emptying and anti-reflux outcomes were evaluated by the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score, nuclide gastric emptying, 24-h impedance-pH monitoring and gastroscopy.ResultsSeventy-four patients successfully completed proximal partial gastrectomy with Cheng’s GIRAFFE esophagogastric anastomosis. RDQ score six months after the operation was 2.2±2.5. Results of nuclide gastric emptying examinations showed that the gastric half-emptying time was 67.0±21.5 min, the 1-h residual rate was (52.2±7.7)%, the 2-h residual rate was (36.4±5.1)%, and the 3-h residual rate was (28.8±3.6)%; 24-h impedance-pH monitoring revealed that the mean DeMeester score was 5.8±2.9. Reflux esophagitis was observed by gastroscopy in 7 patients six months after surgery.ConclusionsCheng’s GIRAFFE anastomosis is safe and feasible for Siewert type II AEG.     

青蒿琥酯对人子宫内膜癌细胞RL95-2的生长抑制作用

目的 研究青蒿琥酯在体外对人子宫内膜癌RL95-2细胞的生长抑制作用及其可能机制.方法 通过MTT法实验观察青蒿琥酯在体外对RL95-2细胞的抑制作用;透射电镜观察癌细胞的形态学改变;免疫组化检测细胞浆Caspase3活性;流式细胞术观察青蒿琥酯对细胞周期的影响及检测细胞线粒体膜电位△ψm和细胞内ROS水平.结果 青蒿琥酯对RL95-2细胞具有增殖抑制作用,其半数细胞抑制浓度(IC50)为26.29 μg/ml.透射电镜见:细胞呈早期凋亡改变:核染色质聚集于核膜周围,呈团块状;免疫组化检测细胞浆Caspase3表达阳性;流式细胞仪检测:细胞周期阻滞发生在G0/G1期;细胞内ROS升高(P<0.05);细胞线粒体膜电位△ψm降低(P<0.05).结论 青蒿琥酯在体外作用于人子宫颈癌RL95-2细胞,可能通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制癌细胞增殖.