全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44641篇 |
免费 | 3286篇 |
国内免费 | 196篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 494篇 |
儿科学 | 1069篇 |
妇产科学 | 868篇 |
基础医学 | 5270篇 |
口腔科学 | 1124篇 |
临床医学 | 4680篇 |
内科学 | 9321篇 |
皮肤病学 | 515篇 |
神经病学 | 3704篇 |
特种医学 | 1596篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 8246篇 |
综合类 | 612篇 |
一般理论 | 26篇 |
预防医学 | 3506篇 |
眼科学 | 1273篇 |
药学 | 2778篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 44篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2995篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 211篇 |
2022年 | 361篇 |
2021年 | 845篇 |
2020年 | 513篇 |
2019年 | 695篇 |
2018年 | 894篇 |
2017年 | 696篇 |
2016年 | 820篇 |
2015年 | 1074篇 |
2014年 | 1649篇 |
2013年 | 2325篇 |
2012年 | 2686篇 |
2011年 | 2726篇 |
2010年 | 1840篇 |
2009年 | 1776篇 |
2008年 | 2506篇 |
2007年 | 2528篇 |
2006年 | 2554篇 |
2005年 | 2698篇 |
2004年 | 2579篇 |
2003年 | 2393篇 |
2002年 | 2272篇 |
2001年 | 418篇 |
2000年 | 325篇 |
1999年 | 491篇 |
1998年 | 683篇 |
1997年 | 563篇 |
1996年 | 470篇 |
1995年 | 459篇 |
1994年 | 369篇 |
1993年 | 348篇 |
1992年 | 304篇 |
1991年 | 268篇 |
1990年 | 241篇 |
1989年 | 224篇 |
1988年 | 206篇 |
1987年 | 221篇 |
1986年 | 204篇 |
1985年 | 218篇 |
1984年 | 311篇 |
1983年 | 319篇 |
1982年 | 422篇 |
1981年 | 380篇 |
1980年 | 347篇 |
1979年 | 181篇 |
1978年 | 222篇 |
1977年 | 241篇 |
1976年 | 215篇 |
1975年 | 175篇 |
1973年 | 173篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
992.
Elliot Nacke MD Nikko Ramos BS Spencer Stein BS Lorraine Hutzler BA Joseph A. Bosco III MD 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2013,471(2):569-573
Background
The episode-of-care concept promulgated by the federal government requires hospitals to assume the cost burden for all care rendered up to 30 days after discharge, including all readmissions occurring in that time. Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading cause of readmission after total joint arthroplasties (TJA) and spine surgery, it is unclear whether these readmissions occur relative to the 30-day period.Questions/Purposes
We determined whether (1) most readmissions for SSIs occurred in 30 days, (2) the type of procedure performed affected the timing of readmission, and (3) the type of infecting organism influenced the timing of readmission.Methods
From our hospital database we identified 91 patients treated with elective TJAs and spine surgery from 2007 through 2010 who were readmitted with SSIs. Of the 91 patients, 46 had undergone spine surgery and 45 had TJAs. For each of these readmissions, we determined the type of surgery, the length of time from initial discharge to readmission, and the type of infecting organism.Results
Readmissions after spine surgery were more likely to occur within 30 days of discharge (80.4% for spine, 58.3% for TJAs). In the TJA cohort, there was a trend toward readmissions occurring within 30 days of discharge more often in the THA subset. We identified no correlation between type of infecting organism and timing of readmission.Conclusions
With the episode-of-care model, SSIs pose a substantial cost burden for hospitals since the majority would be included in the 30-day period included in the bundled reimbursement. 相似文献993.
994.
Background/Purpose
Revisional oesophageal reconstructive surgery carries uncommon and unusual risks related to previous surgery. To provide maximum anatomical detail and facilitate successful outcome, we report a standardised pre-operative investigative strategy for all such patients.Methods
Prospective 8-month cohort study following the introduction of this strategy. All patients underwent high resolution thoracic contrast CT scan and micro-laryngo-bronchoscopy by a paediatric ENT surgeon in addition to upper gastrointestinal contrast study, oesophagoscopy, and echocardiogram.Results
Seven children (median age 5.6 months [range 2.2–60]) completed the pathway. Four were referred with recurrence of a previously divided tracheo-oesophageal fistula (3 congenital, 1 acquired) and 3 (all with oesophagostomy) for oesophageal replacement for congenital isolated oesophageal atresia (OA, n = 1) and failed repair of OA with distal TOF with wide gap (n = 2). Overall, unanticipated findings were demonstrated in 6/7 children and comprised severe tracheomalacia and right main bronchus stenosis requiring aortopexy (n = 1), vocal cord palsy (n = 2), extensive mediastinal rotation (n = 1), proximal tracheal diverticulum (n = 1), severe subglottic stenosis requiring airway reconstruction (n = 1), proximal tracheal diverticulum (n = 1), right sided aortic arch (n = 1) and left sided aortic arch (previously reported to be right sided, n = 1).Conclusions
This standardised approach for this complex group of patients reveals a high incidence of unexpected anatomical and functional anomalies with significant surgical and possible medico-legal implications. We recommend these investigations during the pre-operative work-up prior to all revisional oesophageal surgery. 相似文献995.
Elizabeth Kiwanuka Florian Hackl Edward J. Caterson Daniel Nowinski Johan P.E. Junker Bengt Gerdin Elof Eriksson 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Background
CCN2 (previously known as connective tissue growth factor) is a multifunctional matricellular protein that has numerous effects on cell life and cell interactions with the connective tissue. Although the importance of CCN2 for the fibrotic process in wound healing has been well studied, the involvement of CCN2 in keratinocyte function has not yet been explored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CCN2 in the epidermis during wound healing.Materials and methods
Immunohistochemistry was done on sections from full-thickness porcine wounds. The effect of CCN2 on the migration of cultured human keratinocytes exposed to scratch wounds, the effect on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), and the effect of adding inhibitors to the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to human keratinocytes were studied.Results
The CCN2 protein was transiently expressed in vivo at the leading keratinocyte edge during re-epithelialization of full-thickness porcine wounds. In vitro, exogenous addition of CCN2 to human keratinocyte cultures regulated keratinocyte migration and resulted in phosphorylation of ERK. The addition of inhibitors of ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase counteracted the effect of CCN2 on migration.Conclusions
CCN2 was transiently expressed at the leading keratinocyte edge in vivo. The biologic importance of this was supported in vitro, because CCN2 regulated human keratinocyte migration through activation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-ERK signal transduction pathway. 相似文献996.
Alice King MD Ian Sharma-CrawfordAimen F. Shaaban MD Thomas H. Inge Timothy M. Crombleholme Brad W. Warner Harold N. Lovvorn III Sundeep G. Keswani 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Background
The current research environment for academic surgeons demands that extramural funding be obtained. Financial support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is historically the gold standard for funding in the biomedical research community, with the R01 funding mechanism viewed as indicator of research independence. The NIH also supports a mentor-based career development mechanism (K-series awards) in order to support early-stage investigators. The goal of this study was to investigate the grants successfully awarded to pediatric surgeon-scientists and then determine the success of the K-series award recipients at achieving research independence.Methods
In July 2012, all current members of the American Pediatric Surgery Association (APSA) were queried in the NIH database from 1988–2012 through the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools. The following factors were analyzed: type of grant, institution, amount of funding, and funding institute or center.Results
Among current APSA members, there have been 83 independent investigators receiving grants, representing 13% of the current APSA membership, with 171 independent grants funded through various mechanisms. Six percent currently have active NIH funding, with $7.2 million distributed in 2012. There have been 28 K-series grants awarded. Of the recipients of expired K08 awards, 39% recipients were subsequently awarded an R01 grant. A total of 63% of these K-awarded investigators transitioned to an independent NIH award mechanism.Conclusions
Pediatric surgeon-scientists successfully compete for NIH funding. Our data suggest that although the K-series funding mechanism is not the only path to research independence, over half of the pediatric surgeons who receive a K-award are successful in the transition to independent investigator. 相似文献997.
998.
Background
The median orthopedic surgery wait time in Canada is 33.7 weeks, thus alternative treatments for pathologies such as lumbar disc herniations (LDH) are needed. We sought to determine whether transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) alleviate or merely delay the need for surgery.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with LDH who received TFESIs between September 2006 and July 2008. Patient demographics, level and side of pathology, workers’ compensation status, levels injected, treatment outcome and time from referral to treatment were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was the need for versus the avoidance of surgery.Results
We included 91 patients in our analysis. Time from family physician referral to injection was 123 (standard deviation [SD] 88) days; no significant differences in wait times were found between TFESI patients and those requiring surgery. In all, 51 patients (22 women, 29 men) with a mean age of 45.8 (SD 10.2) years avoided surgery following TFESI, whereas 40 patients (16 women, 24 mean) with a mean age of 43.1 (SD 12.0) years proceeded to surgery within 189 (SD 125) days postinjection. In all, 15 patients received multiple injections, and of these, 9 did not require surgical intervention. Age, sex and level/side of pathology did not influence the treatment outcome. Workers’ compensation status influenced outcome significantly; these patients demonstrated less benefit from TFESI.Conclusion
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections are an important treatment tool, preventing the need for surgery in 56% of patients with LDH. 相似文献999.
James P. Yoon BA Michel J. Le Duff MA Alicia J. Johnson BA Karren M. Takamura BA Edward Ebramzadeh PhD Harlan C. Amstutz MD 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2013,471(5):1615-1621