A Medieval Medical View on Obesity

Medieval medical views on obesity are presented from Avicenna's Canon of Medicine. Health risks associated with obesity were appreciated, including respiratory and cardiovascular problems, infertility and even sudden death.     

Sexuality and people with intellectual disabilities: A historical perspective

Until the 1960s, the sexuality of people with mental retardation was handled by denial and suppression. The eugenics movement of 1880–1940 led to forced mass sterilization and the segregation of these members of our society. The civil rights movement and the sexual revolution were among the catalysts for change as was the move toward normalization and deinstitutionalization of people with mental retardation. In the last 25 years, parents and professionals have begun to work together to find ways to help mentally handicapped individuals to understand their sexuality and to engage in appropriate self-affirming sexual behaviors. We have established goals, guidelines, and curricula for sexuality education. We have trained parents and staff and developed policies for handling sensitive issues, such as sterilization and problematic sexual expression. The AIDS epidemic has provided new impetus for improving education and training in this emerging field.A.C.S.W.Private practice (as a consultant, lecturer, and trainer in sexuality and mental retardation).     

Melorheostosis and the sclerotomes: A radiological correlation

Melorheostosis is characterised radiologically by hyperostotic linear densities in bone. These densities have a peculiarly segmental distribution which does not correspond with the anatomical course of blood vessels or mixed nerve roots of the limbs. So far this distribution has lacked any valid explanation, although it has been suggested to be a developmental error as a result of an embryonic metameric disturbance. Inman and Saunders in 1944 described a sensory nerve supply to skeletal structures with sclerotomes representing the zones of the skeleton supplied by individual spinal sensory nerves. Radiographs of 30 cases from the Radiological Museum of the Institute of Orthopaedics, London, have been reviewed and an attempt has been made to correlate the sclerosing lesions with the sclerotomes. The investigation was handicapped by paucity of films and clinical information, but in 19 cases the skeletal abnormalities were considered to correspond with a single sclerotome or part thereof. These studies were convincing when films of an affected hand or foot were available. In the remaining 11 cases multiple sclerotomes appeared to be involved and the clinical manifestations were correspondingly more severe. It is proposed that melorheostosis may be the late result of a segmental sensory nerve lesion, to account for its sclerodermal distribution. The association with linear scleroderma is discussed, since it has been suggested that these cutaneous lesions are related to the same nerve segment. Eight cases showed para-articular ossification of soft tissues which may be related to involvement of a corresponding myotome.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assisted performance evaluation of the Twincer™ disposable high-dose dry powder inhaler

Objectives To use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for evaluating and understanding the performance of the high‐dose disposable Twincer? dry powder inhaler, as well as to learn the effect of design modifications on dose entrainment, powder dispersion and retention behaviour. Methods Comparison of predicted flow and particle behaviour from CFD computations with experimental data obtained with cascade impactor and laser diffraction analysis. Key findings Inhaler resistance, flow split, particle trajectories and particle residence times can well be predicted with CFD for a multiple classifier based inhaler like the Twincer?. CFD computations showed that the flow split of the Twincer? is independent of the pressure drop across the inhaler and that the total flow rate can be decreased without affecting the dispersion efficacy or retention behaviour. They also showed that classifier symmetry can be improved by reducing the resistance of one of the classifier bypass channels, which for the current concept does not contribute to the swirl in the classifier chamber. Conclusions CFD is a highly valuable tool for development and optimisation of dry powder inhalers. CFD can assist adapting the inhaler design to specific physico‐chemical properties of the drug formulation with respect to dispersion and retention behaviour.     

Hautkrankheiten Akute und chronische Infektionskrankheiten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Erythematöse,ekzematöse,parenchymatöse Entzündungsprocesse

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Bericht über die Verhandlungen des VI. Congresses der Deutschen dermatologischen Gesellschaft am 31. Mai, 1. und 2. Juni 1898 in Strassburg i/E

Archives of Dermatological Research -     

Characterization of protein rheology and delivery forces for combination products

Characterization of a protein–device combination product over a wide range of operating parameters defined by end-user requirements is critical for developing a product presentation that is convenient for patient use. In addition to the device components, several product attributes, such as product rheology and product–container interactions, govern the functionality of a delivery system. This article presents results from a characterization study conducted for a high-concentration antibody product in a prefilled syringe. Analytical models are used to study the rheological behavior and to estimate delivery forces over a broad design space comprising temperature, concentration, and shear stress. Data suggest that high-viscosity products may exhibit significant shear thinning under the shear rates encountered under desired injection times.     

Children's health care: Book and media reviews

Let's Remember Corky, Fine, Polly Delson, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 1981. Paperback, unpaged, $4.75.

The Tenth Good Thing about Barney, Viorst, Judith, Hartford, Atheneum, 1971. Paperback, 20 pages, illustrated by Erik Blegvad.

Jasper Enters the Hospital, 16½ mins., The Day of Jasper's Operation, 13½ mins., Wellness: It's Not Magic, 15 mins., Video Cassettes‐ 16 mm. Available from: Kids Corner, 2027 North Tejon Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907, (303) 475–2499.

First Do No Harm, produced by Pierce Atkins Corporation, 45 mins., S400 (purchase), S45 (daily rental). Distributed by Children's Hospital National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20010.

Pediatric Diagnostic Procedures With Guidelines for Preparing Children for Clinical Tests, Droske, Susan C. and Francis, Sally A. Toronto, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1981.

The Children's Medical Series ‐ a series of eight videotapes with Susan Linn and her puppets.