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排序方式: 共有390条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
131.
K Dosso BB N'guessan AP Bidie BN Gnangoran S Méité D N'guessan AP Yapo EE Ehilé 《African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines》2012,9(2):242-249
Piliostigma reticulatum (Caesalpiniaceae) is used in Africa as a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis and diarrhoea. We investigated the antidiarrhoeal properties of a crude ethanol extract from the stem bark of Piliostigma reticulatum (EEPR) in Wistar albino rats to substantiate its traditional use and to determine its phytochemical constituents. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the plant extract was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model in rats and compared with loperamide. The effect of the extract on gastrointestinal motility was also determined by the oral administration of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling). EEPR showed remarkable dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity evidenced by a reduction of defecation frequency and change in consistency. Extracts at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced diarrhoeal faeces. EEPR also significantly inhibited gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, similar to the inhibition obtained in control rats treated by atropine. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols and reducing sugars in the stem bark of P. reticulatum. No mortality or visible signs of general weakness were observed in the rats following administration of the crude extract in doses up to 6000 mg/kg body weight in an acute toxicity study. Our results show that the stem bark of P. reticulatum possesses antidiarrhoeal activity and strongly suggest that its use in traditional medicine practice could be justified. 相似文献
132.
Willems RJ Top J van Den Braak N van Belkum A Endtz H Mevius D Stobberingh E van Den Bogaard A van Embden JD 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2000,182(3):816-823
Amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to investigate the genetic relationships among 255 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) strains isolated from hospitalized patients, nonhospitalized persons, and various animal sources. Four major AFLP genogroups (A-D) were discriminated. The strains of each taxon shared >/=65% of the restriction fragments. Most isolates recovered from nonhospitalized persons (75%) were grouped together with all pig isolates in genogroup A. Most isolates from hospitalized patients (84%), a subset of veal calf isolates (25%), and all isolates from cats and dogs clustered in genogroup C. Most isolates from chickens (97%) and turkeys (86%) were grouped in genogroup B, whereas most veal calf isolates (70%) clustered in genogroup D. Therefore, VREF strains are predominantly host-specific, and strains isolated from hospitalized patients are genetically different from the prevailing VREF strains present in the fecal flora of nonhospitalized persons. 相似文献
133.
Jeanne Juliette Koeijers Alfons G H Kessels Sita Nys A Bartelds G Donker Ellen E Stobberingh Annelies Verbon 《Clinical infectious diseases》2007,45(7):894-896
For 422 male patients with symptoms indicative of a urinary tract infection, nitrite and leukocyte esterase activity dipstick test results were compared with results of culture of urine samples. The positive predictive value of a positive nitrite test result was 96%. Addition of results of the leukocyte esterase test did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the nitrite test. 相似文献
134.
C. F. M. van der Donk M. I. A. Rijnders G. A. Donker A. J. de Neeling S. Nys E. E. Stobberingh 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2013,32(8):989-995
This study assessed the antimicrobial resistance and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from general practice (GP) patients and nursing home (NH) residents in the province of Limburg (near the border with Germany and Belgium) in comparison with those obtained in the remaining provinces of the Netherlands. A total of 617 and 418 S. aureus isolates were isolated from 2,691 to 1,351 nasal swabs from GP patients and NH residents, respectively. Quantitative antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a microbroth dilution method. Putative methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were tested for the presence of the mecA gene and spa typing was performed on all S. aureus isolates. No significant differences in the prevalence of resistance were found between the two groups of GP isolates, but the isolates from the NH residents showed a lower resistance for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.003) in Limburg province compared with the remaining provinces in the Netherlands. Among the isolates from NH residents in Limburg province, the prevalence of spa-CC 084 was higher (p = 0.003) and that of spa-CC 002 was lower (p = 0.01) compared with isolates from NHs in the remaining provinces of the Netherlands. We observed no differences in resistance and population structure between S. aureus isolates from GP patients in Limburg and the remaining provinces of the Netherlands, and only a few differences were observed between the NH populations. There was no higher prevalence of resistance among the GP and NH isolates from Limburg compared with the remaining provinces. 相似文献
135.
136.
Christian J.H. von Wintersdorff John Penders Ellen E. Stobberingh Astrid M.L. Oude Lashof Christian J.P.A. Hoebe Paul H.M. Savelkoul Petra F.G. Wolffs 《Emerging infectious diseases》2014,20(4):649-657
We investigated the effect of international travel on the gut resistome of 122 healthy travelers from the Netherlands by using a targeted metagenomic approach. Our results confirm high acquisition rates of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoding gene blaCTX-M, documenting a rise in prevalence from 9.0% before travel to 33.6% after travel (p<0.001). The prevalence of quinolone resistance encoding genes qnrB and qnrS increased from 6.6% and 8.2% before travel to 36.9% and 55.7% after travel, respectively (both p<0.001). Travel to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent was associated with the highest acquisition rates of qnrS and both blaCTX-M and qnrS, respectively. Investigation of the associations between the acquisitions of the blaCTX-M and qnr genes showed that acquisition of a blaCTX-M gene was not associated with that of a qnrB (p = 0.305) or qnrS (p = 0.080) gene. These findings support the increasing evidence that travelers contribute to the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance. 相似文献
137.
Anastase Dzudie Simeon-Pierre Choukem Félicité Kamdem Solange Doualla Henry A Joko Marielle EE Lobe Yves M Mbouende Henry Luma Abdoul K Adam Andre P Kengne Patricia Gouking Mesmin Dehayem Jean-Claude Mbanya Samuel Kingue 《Cardiovascular journal of Africa》2012,23(10):533-537
Aim
This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of electrocardiographic abnormalities in a group of type 2 diabetes patients recruited from two referral centres in Cameroon.Methods
A total of 420 patients (49% men) receiving chronic diabetes care at the Douala General and Yaoundé Central hospitals were included. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were investigated, identified and related to potential determinants, with logistic regressions.Results
The mean age and median duration of diagnosis were 56.7 years and four years, respectively. The main electrocardiographic aberrations (prevalence %) were: T-wave abnormalities (20.9%), Cornell product left ventricular hypertrophy (16.4%), arrhythmia (16.2%), ischaemic heart disease (13.6%), conduction defects (11.9%), QTc prolongation (10.2%) and ectopic beats (4.8%). Blood pressure variables were consistently associated with all electrocardiographic abnormalities. Diabetes-specific factors were associated with some abnormalities only.Conclusions
Electrocardiographic aberrations in this population were dominated by repolarisation, conduction defects and left ventricular hypertrophy, and were more related to blood pressure than diabetes-specific factors. 相似文献138.
Acute pulmonary embolism: ancillary findings at spiral CT 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:27
139.
140.
A. Radouane F. Péhourcq G. Tramu EE Creppy and B. Bannwarth 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》1996,10(3):309-313
Summary— The aim of this quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was to investigate the influence of lipophilicity on the diffusion of cephalosporins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lipophilicity was expressed as the chromatographic capacity factor (log k'w ) determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in a reversed-phase system. The penetration of eight cephalosporins into CSF was studied in male Wistar rats receiving the drugs intramuscularly (1.5 mg/kg). One hour after administration, CSF and blood samples were collected, and concentrations of free drug were measured in CSF (CCSF ) and in plasma (CP ). A significant parabolic relationship was sought between lipophilicity (log k'w ) and the capacity of diffusion across the blood-brain barrier expressed as log (CCSF /CP ). The cephalosporins exhibiting a moderate lipophilicity diffused well into CSF. A pharmacokinetic study was performed at 1, 2 and 4 h after administration of three cephalosporins: cefazolin, ceftriaxone and cefsulodin. These compounds were choosen according to their lipophilicities (low, moderate and high values, respectively). The AUC0–4h for both free plasma (AUCP ) and cerebrospinal fluid (AUCCSF ) concentrations were determined. The AUCCSF /AUCP ratio presented a maximum value for a strongly albumin bound cephalosporin, ceftriaxone. In our experimental conditions, the ideal lipophilicity (log k'w ) range for diffusion of cephalosporins from plasma into CSF was between 1.6 and 1.8. 相似文献