Existence of Candida albicans and microorganisms in denture stomatitis patients

summary The aetiology of denture stomatitis is not clear from the literature. Some studies show its aetiology as Candida albicans, while other reports point out the significance of microorganisms. In this study the existence of C. albicans and microorganisms was investigated in subjects with and without denture stomatitis. The results showed that a combination of C. albicans and microorganisms is more likely to be responsible for denture stomatitis.     

Estimates of disease incidence in women based on antenatal or neonatal seroprevalence data: HIV in new york city

Piecewise constant incidence models were developed to estimate the force of infection in women from age-and time-specific antenatal or neonatal seroprevalence data. Differential inclusion of infected women in sero-surveys compared to uninfected women was taken into account, with respect to both changes in inclusion rate following infection, and changes in relative inclusion rate over calendar time. These models were applied to anonymous HIV seroprevalence data collected from neonates born to black and Hispanic women in New York City 1988-1992, with incidence and fertility parameters estimated by maximum likelihood. Estimates of inclusion rate parameters accorded well with what is known about the natural history of HIV. The data could not distinguish between additive and multiplicative combination of the effects of age and time on incidence. Incidence was strongly dependent on age with the highest incidence in women aged 20-34 years. There was strong evidence that incidence had been falling in Hispanic women since 1982-1984. The results illustrate the extent to which trends in incidence over time may be confounded by changes in the relative inclusion rate of infected and uninfected women.     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the area of the head and neck]

Although malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of adult life, it is fairly rare in the head and neck region (3-6%). Between 1983 and 1991 8 patients with MFH in the head and neck region have been observed and treated at the ENT-department of the University of Tübingen. 5 patients have been operated (laryngopharyngeal localization), 2 patients underwent irradiation (unresectable fast growing T4-tumors of the pharynx and thyroid) and one female patient refused further therapy after two resections elsewhere. Operated patients showed no evidence of disease 2-8 years after resection (all margins have been controlled histologically). Both irradiated patients died 4 respectively 2 months after full (70 Gy) and incomplete (17 Gy) radiotherapy without visible positive effects. Both patients developed pulmonary metastasis. Since MFH can grow in thin layers along musculaoponeurotic structures the exact size is not always demonstrable by ultrasound, CT or MR scans. Metastasis occur in up to 40%, preferentially in regionary lymph nodes, in lung, liver and skeletal system. These phenomenon requires a full pretherapeutic staging. Histologically MFH is sometimes hard to distinguish from other tumors as for example various sarcomas and pleomorphic carcinoma. Therefore, immunohistochemical (mesenchymal markers) and electron microscopical investigations are advised. Resection with exact histological controll of all margins is the therapy of choice. We experienced that laryngeal MFH (n = 3) can be resected without laryngectomy under certain circumstances. Although unsuccessfull in our two cases, according to the literature, radiotherapy should be administered in unresectable cases. Depending on localization and size of MFH long survival, in single cases healing, of this disease is possible by surgical treatment.     

Histology as a prognostic factor in early gastric cancer.

Of 431 patients with gastric cancer observed in our institution, 23 (5.3%) had early gastric cancer (EGC). Macroscopic presentation, histology, depth of invasion, and lymph node involvement were evaluated in all the cases. All patients underwent surgery and an intensive follow-up was performed. Five of the 23 patients progressed, and the risk factors were examined. Histology seemed to be the main prognostic factor in our study, since intestinal type of EGC was associated to a significantly better prognosis. Total gastrectomy is indicated in the proximal localization of EGC, and should perhaps be performed also in cases presenting undifferentiated histology.     

Antigenuria after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae oligosaccharide CRM197 conjugate (HbOC) vaccine

We tested the urine of 30 infants 6 weeks to 7 months of age after they received standard 10-micrograms (0.5-ml) doses of HbOC (HibTITER) Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugate vaccine for the presence of Hib antigenuria using a commercially available latex particle agglutination assay (Directigen). Urines were collected within 1 hour, from 1 to 3 hours, at 24 hours and at 3, 6 and 9 days after vaccine administration and reactions were quantitated from 0 to 3+. In contrast to previous studies in older children which showed little or no antigenuria following HbOC vaccination, our study shows that in infants intense Hib antigenuria is evident within 2 to 3 hours and persists 3 days after vaccine administration and that less intense antigenuria may be detected in some infants for several days. With efficacious vaccines now being used in 2- to 6-month-old infants, invasive Hib disease may soon be limited to infants of this age just before their seroconversion. It should be recognized that antigenuria occurs for several days after vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccines and that it could be erroneously interpreted as evidence of invasive Hib infection.     

Acute Leukemia in an Infant with Marfan's Syndrome: A Case Report

We describe a familial case of Marfan's syndrome with associated intrathoracic stomach detected during the neonatal period. The patient developed a primitive leukemia at 3 months of age. Acute leukemia in a patient with Marfan's syndrome has not previously been reported.     

Effects of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. extract on some metabolic activities in the rat

The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.     

When to act--the appropriateness of cardiovascular disease intervention

Nearly 13 million people die each year from cardiovascular diseasesand half of these deaths occur in developing countries. Thisarticle reviews the appropriateness of cardiovascular diseaseintervention and focuses on decision-making and the perpetualquestion: When is it more appropriate to act on available evidencerather than to await further evidence? A fundamental and justifiedprinciple in science is trying to falsify all formulated hypotheses.This sceptical or conservative approach can, however, hampersocial development. It is therefore important for the scientistto distinguish between his role as a scientist and as a memberof society. Medical, epidemiological and economic aspects areconsidered together with an assessment of the feasibility ofdifferent intervention strategies. This review, like many others,indicates that population-based interventions combined withan improved high-risk strategy are appropriate from society'spoint of view in spite of the fact that there are several unsettledquestions which call for further research.     

Behaviors and attitudes associated with eating disorders: perceptions of college athletes about food and weight

This study surveyed male and female athletes from 22 midwesterncolleges and universities regarding behaviors and attitudesassociated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The responserate was 66% (N= 695) and the findings indicated that the bodyimage of some athletes may be distorted; one-seventh perceivedthemselves as fat even though they were not. Many athletes seemedpreoccupied with food and weight; almost one-third reportedroutinely thinking about food and weight and more than one-thirdreported dramatic annual weight fluctuations (9 lb or greater)related to bingeing and fasting. Athletes also did not feelin control when they ate and their habits related to food consumptionappeared to be extreme; one-tenth reported a lack of controlwhen they ate, more than one-third binged, one-twentieth ateuntil they were physically ill, and a similar proportion preferrednot to eat in the presence of others. In addition, it was foundthat as many men as women athletes reported these perceptionsbut significant sex differences were noted for specific items.It was suggested that behaviors and attitudes be viewed on acontinuum with normals at one end, eating disordered individuals at the other end,and college athletes in between. Health education that focuseson behaviors and attitudes as symptoms of eating disorders wasrecommended for athletes and those working closely with athletes.Future research was suggested to determine reasons for the undesirablebehaviors and attitudes and to study the onset, development,long-term effects and whether these behaviors and attitudeslead to an eating disorder.