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61.
Hoedjes M Berks D Vogel I Franx A Visser W Duvekot JJ Habbema JD Steegers EA Raat H 《Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology》2011,32(3):126-134
This study describes the prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on the DSM-IV criteria, including its symptoms of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal after pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, and examines which variables are associated with PTSD and its symptoms. Women whose pregnancies were complicated by preeclampsia completed the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum: 149 women completed this questionnaire on at least one time point. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with PTSD and its symptoms. Results showed that the prevalence of PTSD was 8.6% at 6 weeks, and 5.1% at 12 weeks postpartum; 21.9% of the study sample experienced postpartum symptoms of intrusion at 6 weeks postpartum (11.7% at 12 weeks), 9.4% symptoms of avoidance (8.0% at 12 weeks), and 28.9% symptoms of hyperarousal (20.4% at 12 weeks). Younger age, severe preeclampsia, cesarean section, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and perinatal death were found to be associated with PTSD and its symptoms. There was a relatively high prevalence of postpartum symptoms of PTSD among women after preeclampsia. The prevalence was highest among younger women who experienced more adverse pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献
62.
Silvestri L Petros AJ Zandstra DF Taylor N van Saene HK 《Critical care medicine》2011,39(12):2785-6; author reply 2786
63.
64.
de Heer-Wunderink C Visser E Caro-Nienhuis A Sytema S Wiersma D 《Community mental health journal》2012,48(3):321-327
Research into community housing programs for people with severe mental illness is underexposed. The Dutch UTOPIA study describes characteristics of their service users, which may predict their allocation to either supported housing or supported independent living programs. Additionally, a comparison is made with English studies. 119 Care coordinators of Dutch residential care institutes and 534 service users participated in a cross-sectional survey which includes socio-demographic data, clinical data, measures of functioning, needs for care and quality of life. Differences between Dutch residents and independent living service users were small, making predictions of care allocation difficult. This similarity suggests a possible lack of methodical assessment in the allocation procedure of people who are eligible for residential housing or independent living programs. This is largely comparable to the English situation. In comparison with their English counterparts, Dutch service users have more met needs and are more engaged in occupational activities. 相似文献
65.
Diamantopoulou S Poom L Klaver P Talsma D 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,209(4):501-513
It has recently been suggested that visual working memory capacity may vary depending on the type of material that has to
be memorized. Here, we use a delayed match-to-sample paradigm and event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate the neural
correlates that are linked to these changes in capacity. A variable number of stimuli (1–4) were presented in each visual
hemifield. Participants were required to selectively memorize the stimuli presented in one hemifield. Following memorization,
a test stimulus was presented that had to be matched against the memorized item(s). Two types of stimuli were used: one set
consisting of discretely different objects (discrete stimuli) and one set consisting of more continuous variations along a
single dimension (continuous stimuli). Behavioral results indicate that memory capacity was much larger for the discrete stimuli,
when compared with the continuous stimuli. This behavioral effect correlated with an increase in a contralateral negative
slow wave ERP component that is known to be involved in memorization. We therefore conclude that the larger working memory
capacity for discrete stimuli can be directly related to an increase in activity in visual areas and propose that this increase
in visual activity is due to interactions with other, non-visual representations. 相似文献
66.
Edwin C.Y. Chow Matthew R. Durk K. Sandy Pang 《Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition》2013,34(7):402-416
Previous studies have shown that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] treatment in mice resulted in induction of intestinal and renal Cyp24a1 and Trpv6 expression, increased hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and activity, as well as higher renal Mdr1/P‐gp expression. The present study compared the equimolar efficacies of 1α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α(OH)D3] (6 nmol/kg i.p. q2d × 4), a lipophilic precursor with a longer plasma half‐life that is converted to 1,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 on vitamin D receptor (VDR) target genes. To clarify whether changes in VDR genes was due to VDR and not secondary, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)‐directed effects, namely, lower Cyp7a1 expression in rat liver due to increased bile acid absorption, wildtype [fxr(+/+)] and FXR knockout [fxr(‐/‐)] mice were used to distinguish between VDR and FXR effects. With the exception that hepatic Sult2a1 mRNA was increased equally well by 1α(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α(OH)D3 treatment led to higher increases in hepatic Cyp7a1, renal Cyp24a1, VDR, Mdr1 and Mrp4, and intestinal Cyp24a1 and Trpv6 mRNA expression in both fxr(+/+) and fxr(‐/‐) mice compared to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. A similar induction in protein expression and microsomal activity of hepatic Cyp7a1 and renal P‐gp and Mrp4 protein expression was noted for both compounds. A higher intestinal induction of Trpv6 was observed, resulting in greater hypercalcemic effect following 1α(OH)D3 treatment. The higher activity of 1α(OH)D3 was explained by its rapid conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 in tissue sites, furnishing higher plasma and tissue 1,25(OH)2D3 levels compared to following 1,25(OH)2D3‐treatment. In conclusion, 1α(OH)D3 exerts a greater effect on VDR gene induction than equimolar doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 in mice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
Vehof J Risselada AJ Al Hadithy AF Burger H Snieder H Wilffert B Arends J Wunderink L Knegtering H Wiersma D Cohen D Mulder H Bruggeman R 《Psychopharmacology》2011,216(2):257-265
Rationale
Antipsychotic affinity for the histamine H1 receptor and the muscarinic M3 receptor have been associated with the side effects weight gain, and development of diabetes, respectively.Objectives
We investigated polymorphisms of the histamine H1 (HRH1) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3) receptor genes for an association with body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Methods
We included 430 Caucasian patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder using antipsychotics for at least 3?months. Primary endpoints of the study were cross-sectionally measured BMI and HbA1c; secondary endpoints were obesity and hyperglycaemia. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HRH1 gene, rs346074 and rs346070, and one SNP in the CHRM3 gene, rs3738435, were genotyped. Our primary hypothesis in this study was an interaction between genotype on BMI and antipsychotic affinity for the H1 and M3 receptor.Results
A significant association of interaction between haplotype rs346074?Crs346070 and BMI (p value 0.025) and obesity (p value 0.005) in patients using high-H1 affinity antipsychotics versus patients using low-H1 affinity antipsychotics was found. There was no association of CHRM3 gene variant rs3738435 with BMI, and we observed no association with HbA1c or hyperglycaemia in any of the variants.Conclusions
This study, for the first time, demonstrates a significant association between HRH1 variants and BMI in patients with a psychotic disorder using antipsychotics. In future, genotyping of HRH1 variants may help predicting weight gain in patients using antipsychotics. 相似文献68.
Marsha Koletsi Astrid Niersman Jooske T. van Busschbach Jocelyn Catty Thomas Becker Tom Burns Angelo Fioritti Rana Kalkan Christoph Lauber Wulf Rössler Toma Tomov Durk Wiersma 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(11):961-970
Background
Although the effectiveness of individual placement and support (IPS) has been well established, little is known about clients’ perceptions of the model compared to usual vocational rehabilitation, nor about their experiences of searching for and returning to work with this kind of support. This qualitative study aimed to explore clients’ views of the difficulties of obtaining and maintaining employment, their experiences of the support received from their IPS or Vocational Service workers and the perceived impact of work on clients’ lives.Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 people with psychotic disorders participating in a six-centre international randomised controlled trial of IPS compared to usual vocational rehabilitation. To assess their experiences of the services and the perceived effects of working, two IPS and two Vocational Service clients at each centre who had found work during the study period were interviewed, along with two IPS and two Vocational Service clients at each centre who had not.Results
IPS clients reported having received more help seeking and maintaining employment, whereas Vocational Service clients reported having received more help in finding sheltered employment or placements. Clients who had worked associated this with financial stability, improved social lives, increased self-esteem, integration into society and amelioration of their symptoms, as well as reduced feelings of boredom and isolation, but also reported increased levels of stress. IPS clients as well as Vocational Service ones reported not receiving enough follow-up support, despite this being proposed as a key feature of the model.Conclusion
Findings from the in-depth interviews reflect differences in service models that have also been tested quantitatively but further work in disaggregating the IPS model and assessing the impact of each component would be valuable. 相似文献69.
Tatiana L Taylor Helen Killaspy Christine Wright Penny Turton Sarah White Thomas W Kallert Mirjam Schuster Jorge A Cervilla Paulette Brangier Jiri Raboch Lucie Kališová Georgi Onchev Hristo Dimitrov Roberto Mezzina Kinou Wolf Durk Wiersma Ellen Visser Andrzej Kiejna Patryk Piotrowski Dimitri Ploumpidis Fragiskos Gonidakis José Caldas-de-Almeida Graça Cardoso Michael B King 《BMC psychiatry》2009,9(1):1-30
Background
A proportion of people with mental health problems require longer term care in a psychiatric or social care institution. However, there are no internationally agreed quality standards for institutional care and no method to assess common care standards across countries. We aimed to identify the key components of institutional care for people with longer term mental health problems and the effectiveness of these components.Methods
We undertook a systematic review of the literature using comprehensive search terms in 11 electronic databases and identified 12,182 titles. We viewed 550 abstracts, reviewed 223 papers and included 110 of these. A "critical interpretative synthesis" of the evidence was used to identify domains of institutional care that are key to service users' recovery.Results
We identified eight domains of institutional care that were key to service users' recovery: living conditions; interventions for schizophrenia; physical health; restraint and seclusion; staff training and support; therapeutic relationship; autonomy and service user involvement; and clinical governance. Evidence was strongest for specific interventions for the treatment of schizophrenia (family psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and vocational rehabilitation).Conclusion
Institutions should, ideally, be community based, operate a flexible regime, maintain a low density of residents and maximise residents' privacy. For service users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, specific interventions (CBT, family interventions involving psychoeducation, and supported employment) should be provided through integrated programmes. Restraint and seclusion should be avoided wherever possible and staff should have adequate training in de-escalation techniques. Regular staff supervision should be provided and this should support service user involvement in decision making and positive therapeutic relationships between staff and service users. There should be clear lines of clinical governance that ensure adherence to evidence-based guidelines and attention should be paid to service users' physical health through regular screening. 相似文献70.
Colin Sumners Durk Dijkstra Jan B. de Vries Alan S. Horn 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1981,316(4):304-310
Summary The dopaminergic actions of five hydroxylated dopamine analogues have been examined for: i) Ability to induce stereotypy, ii) Effects upon dopamine metabolism, iii) Ability to antagonise the rise in striatal dopamine caused by gammabutyrolactone. With the exception of the resorcinol derivative 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dipropylethylamine, all of the compounds tested exhibited dopamine-like actions, and similarities were found in the induction of stereotypy and in the reduction of dopamine metabolism. For example, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dipropylethylamine had a short duration of action as far as reducing dopamine metabolism and inducing stereotypy were concerned. On the other hand, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propyl-N-phenylethyl-cthylamine (e) and also 5-hydroxy-2-(N-n-propyl-N-phenylethyl)-aminotetralin had a long duration of agonist-like effects upon both parameters, the aminotetralin derivative being the more potent of the two. Thus, in going from the simple dopamine-like structure to the aminotetralin compound there has been an increase in dopamine agonist-like activity. The differences in dopamine agonist potency of the drugs used are discussed in relation to the structure of these compounds, and are compared with the potencies of related compounds. Also, the potencies of the compounds under investigation upon presynaptic dopamine receptors (using the gammabutyrolactone model as a test system) were investigated, and the ester, 2-(3-benzoyloxyphenyl)-N-n-propyl-N-phenylethyl-ethylamine was the most potent. This ester, which is probably converted to (e) in the brain, also had a long duration of action in the stereotypy and dopamine metabolism tests. The results suggest that certain of the compounds might be useful leads for the design of dopamine agonists of possible clinical use. 相似文献