Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist regulates vascular permeability by reducing vascular endothelial growth factor expression

BACKGROUND: Inflammation of the asthmatic airway is usually accompanied by increased vascular permeability and plasma exudation. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) potently elicit increased vascular permeability in airways, leading to airway edema. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is 1 of the most potent proangiogenic cytokines and also increases vascular permeability so that plasma proteins can leak into the extravascular space. However, the mechanisms by which cysLTs induce increased vascular permeability are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE: An aim of the current study was to determine the role of the cysLTs, more specifically in the increase of vascular permeability. METHODS: We used a BALB/c mouse model of allergic asthma to examine effects of cysLT receptor antagonists on bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, more specifically on the increase of vascular permeability. RESULTS: These mice develop the following typical pathophysiological features of asthma in the lungs: increased numbers of inflammatory cells of the airways, airway hyperresponsiveness, increased vascular permeability, and increased levels of VEGF. Administration of cysLT receptor antagonists markedly reduced plasma extravasation and VEGF levels in allergen-induced asthmatic lungs. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that cysLT receptor antagonists modulate vascular permeability by reducing VEGF expression and suggest that cysLT receptor may regulate the VEGF expression.     

两种塑化材料对断层解剖标本制作效果的比较

目的:研究2种不同塑化材料制作的断层解剖标本的差异.方法:分别采用硅橡胶技术和聚酯共聚体技术制备人体断层标本,并进行比较.结果:硅橡胶技术所制备的标本不透明;聚酯共聚体技术制备的断层解剖标本半透明.硅橡胶材料制备的断层标本不适于研究组织纤维走向和筋膜结构,适用于标本防腐保存;聚酯共聚体材料制备的断层标本可以清晰地显示组织的纤维走向和筋膜结构,同时标本的厚度均匀,表面平滑,硬度较高.结论:聚酯共聚体材料制备的断层标本优于硅橡胶材料,此方法将会发展成为断层解剖学研究的常用技术.     

Estimating gene penetrance from family data

Family data are useful for estimating disease risk in carriers of specific genotypes of a given gene (penetrance). Penetrance is frequently estimated assuming that relatives' phenotypes are independent, given their genotypes for the gene of interest. This assumption is unrealistic when multiple shared risk factors contribute to disease risk. In this setting, the phenotypes of relatives are correlated even after adjustment for the genotypes of any one gene (residual correlation). Many methods have been proposed to address this problem, but their performance has not been evaluated systematically. In simulations we generated genotypes for a rare (frequency 0.35%) allele of moderate penetrance, and a common (frequency 15%) allele of low penetrance, and then generated correlated disease survival times using the Clayton‐Oakes copula model. We ascertained families using both population and clinic designs. We then compared the estimates of several methods to the optimal ones obtained from the model used to generate the data. We found that penetrance estimates for common low‐risk genotypes were more robust to model misspecification than those for rare, moderate‐risk genotypes. For the latter, penetrance estimates obtained ignoring residual disease correlation had large biases. Also biased were estimates based only on families that segregate the risk allele. In contrast, a method for accommodating phenotype correlation by assuming the presence of genetic heterogeneity performed nearly optimally, even when the survival data were coded as binary outcomes. We conclude that penetrance estimates that accommodate residual phenotype correlation (even only approximately) outperform those that ignore it, and that coding censored survival outcomes as binary does not substantially increase the mean‐square errror of the estimates, provided the censoring is not extensive. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 373–381, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

广州地区患儿感染幽门螺杆菌vacA、cagA及iceA基因研究

目的探讨广州地区患儿感染幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的vacA、cagA、iceA的基因亚型和优势基因亚型。方法105例胃、十二指肠疾病患儿的胃窦处取3块胃黏膜,分别进行快速尿素酶反应、病理检查和聚合酶链反应（PCR）。抽提胃黏膜基因组DNA,用11对引物,检测HpureA、vacA、cagA和ieeA基因,分析HpvacA、cagA、iceA基因亚型。结果快速尿素酶反应、病理检查和PCR三者均阳性的标本52例,其中感染Hp vacA s1as1c／m2、s1as1c／m1T亚型菌株的阳性率分别是82．7％（43／52）、9．6％（5／52）,m区不能分型占7．7％（4／52）,Hp vacA s1as1c／m2与其他基因亚型相比较,差异有统计学意义。Hp vacA s1a和s1c亚型总是同时检出,未发现Hp vacA s1b、s2、m1亚型。HpcagA^＋菌株检出率是90．4％（47／52）,cagA^-菌株检出率9、6％（5／52）,二者比较,差异有统计学意义。Hp iceA1亚型菌株单独检出率78．8％（41／52）,Hp iceA2亚型菌株单独检出率是1．9％（1／52）,Hpi ceA1和ieeA2亚型均阳性是3．8％（2／52）,iceA1和iceA2亚型均阴性的比率是15．4％（8／52）,Hp iceA1亚型阳性率与其他基因亚型相比较,差异有统计学意义。结论Hp的Hp vacA s1as1c／m^2、cagA^＋、iceA1亚型是广州地区患儿感染的Hp的优势基因亚型,Hp vacA s1as1c／m^2、cagA。和iceA1基因组合是广州地区患儿感染的Hp的优势基因亚型组合。     

七年制医学生消化内科临床见习带教体会

七年制医学生基础知识扎实、自学能力强,但临床分析和解决问题的实际工作能力欠缺,而临床见习是医学生理论联系实际的纽带和桥梁。因此,努力提高临床见习的带教效果,对于医学生理解、巩固所学基础知识,为临床实习奠定良好的实践基础至关重要。现结合我科多年带教七年制学生见习的具体情况,探讨如何提高七年制医学生临床见习的带教效果。1传统消化内科见习带教中的困难和缺陷消化内科理论课学时多、专业性强,学习内容多、概念抽象,使学生理解较困难。过去见习带教中大部分时间以教师讲课为主,学生多处于被动地位,部分学生出现厌烦、兴趣不浓…     

初中生知觉到的教师领导行为模式及其与心理健康的关系

目的:探讨初中生知觉到的教师领导行为模式的特点及其与心理健康的关系。方法:采用教师领导行为问卷、中学生心理健康量表对湘潭市两所中学的564名初中生进行调查。结果:①初中生知觉到的教师领导行为模式可以归为民主型、权威型和放任型三种类型;不同类型在总样本、学校类型、年级上的分布差异显著,在性别上的分布差异接近显著;②知觉到教师领导行为模式为民主型的学生,其心理健康水平明显好于权威型和放任型领导下的学生,而知觉到权威型和放任型领导的学生,其心理健康水平没有明显差异。结论:教师领导行为模式与学生心理健康有较为密切的关系。     

Significance of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 expression in colon adenocarcinoma

This study investigated the clinical implications of SETDB1 (also known as KMT1E) in human colon adenocarcinoma. Expression levels of SETDB1 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining, and tissue microarrays were used to examine expression profiles in human patients. Our results revealed that SETDB1 protein expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal tissue for the breast, colon, liver, and lung (p < 0.05). Moreover, an analysis with SurvExpress software suggested that elevated expression of SETDB1 mRNA was significantly associated with the overall survival of colon adenocarcinoma patients (p < 0.05); and additional analysis involving 90 paired samples of colon adenocarcinoma tissue and normal tissue revealed that SETDB1 protein expression was 82% higher in cancerous cells (p < 0.001). High SETDB1 expression was also found to be significantly correlated with histological grade (p = 0.005), TNM stage (p = 0.003), T‐class/primary tumor (p = 0.001), and N‐class/regional lymph nodes (p = 0.017); and Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that SETDB1 protein expression was significantly associated with poor survival. Finally, univariate analysis demonstrated that SETDB1 protein expression was related to TNM stage (p = 0.004) and SETDB1 score (p = 0.001), whereas multivariate analysis showed that the influence of SETDB1 on overall colon adenocarcinoma survival was independent from other risk factors. Taken together, our results suggest that the SETDB1 protein could serve as a clinical prognostic indicator for colon adenocarcinoma.     

Mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of porous zein scaffolds

A porous scaffold utilizing hydrophobic protein zein was prepared by the salt-leaching method for tissue engineering. The scaffolds possessed a total porosity of 75.3-79.0%, compressive Young's modulus of (28.2+/-6.7)MPa-(86.6+/-19.9)MPa and compressive strength of (2.5+/-1.2)MPa-(11.8+/-1.7)MPa, the percentage degradation of 36% using collagenase and 89% using pepsin during 14 days incubation in vitro. The morphology of pores located on the surface and within the porous scaffolds showed good pore interconnectivity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rat mesebchymal stem cells (MSCs) could adhere, grow, proliferate and differentiate toward osteoblasts on porous zein scaffold. With the action of dexamethasone, the cells showed a relative higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a higher proliferating activity (p<0.05) than those of MSCs without dexamethasone.     

巨噬细胞极化及其在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用

动脉粥样硬化（As）是心脑血管疾病的重要病理基础,其发病机制一直是血管生物学研究领域的热点问题。炎症是As发生、发展过程中的主要因素,而与炎症发生关系最紧切的细胞是单核-巨噬细胞。近几年随着对As炎症机制研究的不断深入,巨噬细胞极化分型引起了研究者们的关注。在不同环境影响下,巨噬细胞可分为M1型和M2型,一般认为M1型（经典活化型）为促炎亚型,分泌促炎因子,因此促进As的进展;而M2型（替代活化型）为抑炎亚型,可以抑制促炎因子的产生,其有可能延缓As发展进程。该文就巨噬细胞的极化分型,以及在As的形成和发展过程中的影响等予以综述,并展望中药在防治As 中的机制。