An Integrated Genetic and Cytogenetic Map of the Cucumber Genome

The Cucurbitaceae includes important crops such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash and pumpkin. However, few genetic and genomic resources are available for plant improvement. Some cucurbit species such as cucumber have a narrow genetic base, which impedes construction of saturated molecular linkage maps. We report herein the development of highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers originated from whole genome shotgun sequencing and the subsequent construction of a high-density genetic linkage map. This map includes 995 SSRs in seven linkage groups which spans in total 573 cM, and defines ~680 recombination breakpoints with an average of 0.58 cM between two markers. These linkage groups were then assigned to seven corresponding chromosomes using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH assays also revealed a chromosomal inversion between Cucumis subspecies [C. sativus var. sativus L. and var. hardwickii (R.) Alef], which resulted in marker clustering on the genetic map. A quarter of the mapped markers showed relatively high polymorphism levels among 11 inbred lines of cucumber. Among the 995 markers, 49%, 26% and 22% were conserved in melon, watermelon and pumpkin, respectively. This map will facilitate whole genome sequencing, positional cloning, and molecular breeding in cucumber, and enable the integration of knowledge of gene and trait in cucurbits.     

DNA结合抑制蛋白-1在结肠癌中的表达及其意义的研究

目的探讨结肠癌中DNA结合抑制蛋白-1（Id—1）的表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期的关系。方法用免疫组化方法分别检测17例结肠腺瘤、16例不典型增生、52例结肠癌及J5例癌旁正常纽织中Id—1的表达。结果正常肠粘膜组织中Id-1蛋白偶有表达，在结肠腺瘤、不典型增生、结肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为29.4％、43．75％、73．1％，三者比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。分化程度低的结肠癌组织中Id．1的阳性表达率高于分化程度高者，两者比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；35例伴有淋巴结转移的肿瘤原发灶者29例（82．9％）表达Id-1，17例无淋巴结转移者9例表达Id-1（52．9％），两者比较有统计学意义（P〈0、05）；随着肿瘤浸润深度的增高、TNM分期的升高，Id-1的表达阳性率逐渐升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Id-1蛋白的表达与结肠癌组织的分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关，与年龄无关。结论Id-1蛋白在结肠癌组织中表达明显升高，并与结肠癌侵袭转移及TNM临床分期相关，可作为结肠癌预后判断的指标之一。     

聚酸酐-吡柔比星长效植入剂在动物模型体内的抑瘤活性

背景:实验证明聚酸酐-吡柔比星植入剂可长时间保持体内血药浓度相对恒定。目的:观察聚酸酐-吡柔比星植入剂在膀胱肿瘤大鼠体内的抑瘤作用。方法:通过N-正丁基-N-(4-羟基-丁基)亚硝胺喂饲构建SD大鼠膀胱癌模型,随机分为实验组与对照组,分别将聚酸酐-吡柔比星植入剂和相同剂量吡柔比星植入模型动物体内膀胱黏膜下,用高效液相色谱仪检测动物体内吡柔比星血药浓度及肿瘤大小变化。结果与结论:实验组吡柔比星在释放过程中无突释效应,基本满足长效局部植入剂应用于膀胱癌治疗的基本要求,可持续释放80d以上;对照组吡柔比星浓度开始明显升高,5d后迅速降低,不能维持有效治疗浓度1.0-3.0mg/L。植入后30d,实验组肿瘤体积较植入前明显缩小,抑瘤率高于对照组(P<0.05),且实验组动物平均存活期长于对照组(P<0.05)。     

云南省几个民族葡萄糖—6—磷酸脱氢酶基因突变型分析

目的：分析云南籍汉族及少数民族葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤ）缺乏症患者的Ｇ６ＰＤ基因突变。方法：应用自然引物或“错配引物”介导的多聚酶链反应限制性酶切分析方法，分析２９例云南籍几个民族Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏症患者Ｇ６ＰＤ基因突变型。结果：发现１３８８突变１９例，１３７６突变１例，未定型９例。２９例标本中有７例为少数民族，分别为彝族３例（１３８８突变）、白族２例（１３８８突变）、傣族１例（１３８８突变）、纳西族１例（１３８８突变）。除傣族外，在其余三个少数民族中检出Ｇ６ＰＤ基因１３８８突变在国内尚属首次。结论：这种突变的发生早于少数民族形成之前，并可推测云南省Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏症患者中Ｇ６ＰＤ基因突变型分布比例，有助于了解分子进化进程。     

性健康教育对护理学院女大学生性认知的影响

目的：探讨性健康教育对护理学院女大学生性认知的影响。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取2012级117名护理学院女大学生作为研究对象,采用性健康教育调查问卷从自我护理、性传播疾病和妇科疾病3个维度对其性认知现状进行评估,共回收有效问卷112份。根据性认知测评值将112名研究对象进行分组,并进一步接受宣传册教育、视频教育、讲座教育3种性健康教育干预,比较性健康教育前后大学生性认知得分及低、中、高三组大学生干预前后性认知分值以及不同性健康教育干预前后性认知得分。结果性健康教育后,大学生性认知总分（75．01±6．84）分,自我护理（26．20±3．57）分,性传播疾病（18．15±3．45）分,妇科疾病（30．66±4．50）分,分别优于干预前的（62．73±8．20）,（20．25±3．75）,（16．13±6．27）,（26．19±4．97）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为12．48,12．09,3．15,7．80;P＜0．05）;分组教学中低分组性健康教育效果较高、中分组显著,高分组性认知总分提升低于中、低分组,差异有统计学意义（F＝38．38,P＜0．05）。不同性健康教育方式之间认知得分比较,差异无统计学意义（F＝0．35, P＞0．05）。结论性健康教育是提高护理学院女大学生性认知的重要途径,护理学院采用分组教学、因材施教、形式多样的性健康教育能改善女大学生的性认知。     

中药制剂口服吸收生物利用度改善方法探讨

本文通过文献研究并结合实验室工作成果,以中药活性成分口服吸收机制为出发点,提出通过改善难溶性中药活性成分的溶解度和溶出速度、控制中药活性成分在胃肠道中代谢、改善中药活性成分的胃肠吸收和转运、发挥中药组合活性成分之间的有益影响等方式提高中药活性成分的口服吸收生物利用度.     

15起输液引起护理缺陷分析

目的:分析输液引起的护理缺陷及提出防范对策以减少失误.方法:分析2005-2007年间发生的15起输液护理缺陷的原因.结果:2007年后近一年未发生输液护理缺陷.结论:应及时总结工作中的失误,分析原因,总结方法,减少失误的再一次出现.     

Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus

Aim of the study

Flavonoids extracted from the seeds of Astragalus complanatus R.Br. reduce the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of these flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus (FAC) on human hepatocarcinoma cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in SMMC-7721 cells.

Materials and methods

Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. To detect apoptotic cells, SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC were stained with Hoechst 33258 and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Quantitative detection of apoptotic cells was performed by flow cytometry. The effects of FAC on apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory genes and proteins in SMMC-7721 cells were examined using an S series apoptosis and cell cycle gene array and Western blot analysis.

Results

The growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells was inhibited by treatment with FAC. Cell death induced by FAC was characterized by nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases in FAC-treated SMMC-7721 cells. A sub-G1 peak with reduced DNA content was also formed. The activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased following FAC treatment. Microarray data indicated that the expression levels of 76 genes were changed in SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC: 35 genes were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, P21, and P27 protein levels in SMMC-7721 cells were increased after 48 h of FAC treatment, while cyclinB1, cyclinD1, CDK1, and CDK4 protein levels were decreased.

Conclusions

These results suggest that FAC may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells via mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways.     

孙一民应用中药鲜药治疗急性白血病经验

急性白血病是造血系统的恶性肿瘤,属于中医温病范畴,主要病机为阴液亏虚,热毒炽盛,治法以养阴清热、凉血解毒为主,以鲜中药为主,辨证加减,远期疗效良好.     

Computed tomography and clinical parameters predict intracerebral hemorrhage expansion

This study aimed to evaluate the association of imaging signs, and to establish a predictive model through selecting highly relevant imaging signs in combination with clinical parameters for hematoma expansion.Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) patients who received 2 consecutive noncontrast computed tomography scans were examined and recruited through January 2014 to December 2020. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected. Two experienced radiologists reviewed baseline noncontrast computed tomography images to assess the imaging characteristics. Correlation analysis was analyzed with Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The association between clinical and imaging predictors with hematoma expansion was evaluated in multivariate models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to evaluate predictive performance.A total of 232 ICH patients, with mean age of 59.73 years, and 31% of female were included, among which, 32 patients occurred with hematoma expansion. For sex, ICH density, low density in hematoma, the midline shift, and Glasgow Coma Scale score, liquid level, H-tra, edema Cor, H Volume, time from onset to examination, there were significant differences between the 2 groups. As for imaging signs, only blend sign showed a significant difference, that patients with blend sign had a higher incidence of ICH expansion. The logistic analysis found that radiation attenuation, liquid level, the midline shift, Glasgow Coma Scale score, history of ischemic stroke, and smoking could predict the occurrence of ICH expansion.In summary, the model combined radiological characteristics with clinical indicators showed considerable predictive performance. Further validation is needed to verify the findings and help transfer to clinical practice.