Traumatic bone cyst of the mandible: a review of 26 cases

The traumatic bone cyst is characterized by the presence of an asymptomatic sinus devoid of epithelial lining, which is rarely found in the jaws.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical, surgical and radiographic findings of traumatic bone cysts.Material and MethodA retrospective study was made of patients diagnosed with traumatic bone cysts at an oral pathology department from 1992 to 2007. Data on the clinical, radiographic and surgical complications were gathered.ResultsTwenty-six cases of traumatic bone cyst were diagnosed in 15 years; 17 were male and 09 were female. Most patients were within first two decades of life and had no pain or history of trauma in the affected area. The multilocular pattern was observed in only seven cases, its radiographic appearance suggests a tumor. Air was found inside the lesion in about 70% of cases; serous fluid with blood and blood only were uncommon within the lesions.ConclusionA higher prevalence in young patients, absence of a history of trauma, and a small number of lesions containing serous fluid with blood reflects the need to discuss the true pathogenesis of traumatic bone cysts.     

Molar incisor hypomineralization in HIV‐infected children and adolescents

The objective was to determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among individuals between 7 and 15 years old infected or noninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was conducted with 33 HIV‐infected individuals (study group; SG) and 66 non‐HIV‐infected schoolchildren (control group; CG), paired by gender and age. Data collection was based on medical records (SG), a questionnaire for caregivers and oral examination for diagnosis of MIH (European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria) and caries (DMFT index and ICDAS). Data were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney, chi‐square, and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression. In SG, MIH (45.5%) and caries (87.9%) had higher prevalence. MIH was associated with use of protease inhibitors in SG (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.77) and incubator need in CG (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.71 to 9.10). HIV‐infected patients had a higher prevalence of MIH and dental caries in the permanent dentition.     

Thalassotherapy for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial comparing aquatic exercises in sea water and water pool

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in water pool compared with aerobic exercise performed in sea by women with fibromyalgia (FM). A total of 46 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: pool group (23 patients) and sea group (23 patients) that performed the same aerobic exercise program. Patients were evaluated baseline and after 12 weeks using: VAS, number of tender points, FIQ, SF-36, PSQI, and BDI. Both groups improved significantly in post-treatment for all the evaluated variables. There were no significant differences between two groups, except for BDI (F = 2.418, P < 0.0001). Aerobic exercise program performed in water (pool or sea) was effective for patients with FM. However, sea water exercises have been shown to bring more advantages related to emotional aspects. Then, exercise performed sea water (thalassotherapy) is an option for effective treatment with low cost for patients with FM.     

Função Diastólica e Biomarcadores de Participantes de Caminhada de Longa Distância

Background:The effects of long-distance walking on the cardiovascular system have been little studied.Objectives:The general objective of this study was to verify these effects on the behavior of diastolic function and the cardiac biomarkers CK-MB (mass), troponin T, and NT-proBNP, in amateur athletes.Method:This longitudinal study, conducted in 2015, evaluated participants during the following 5 stages: E0 (baseline) before starting the trajectory and the others, E1, E2, E3, and E4, at the end of each day, totaling 244.7 km. At all stages, the biomarkers NT-proBNP, CK-MB (mass), and troponin T were measured. Echocardiogram was performed to analyze the E, A and E'' waves. P < 0.05 was adopted as significant.Results:The study evaluated 25 participants, with an average age of 46 ± 10.5 years and body mass index of 20.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Increased values were found for NT-proBNP from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001), CK-MB (mass) from E0 to E2 (p < 0.001), and E'' wave from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were identified between the following: CK-MB (mass) and troponin T (E1: r = 0.524, p = 0.010; E4: r = 0.413, p = 0.044); CK-MB (mass) and NT-proBNP (E4: r = 0.539, p = 0.006); and E/A and E'' (E0: r = 0.603, p < 0.001; E1: r = 0.639, p < 0.001; E4: r = 0.593, p = 0.002). A negative correlation was found between CK-MB (mass) and E/A (E1: r = −0.428, p = 0.041).Conclusion:The effects of intense, prolonged, and interspersed physical activity were verified based on significant variations in the behavior of CK-MB (mass), NT-proBNP, and the E'' wave. Notwithstanding the alterations found, there were no criteria suggestive of myocardial damagePalavras-chave: Walking, Biomarkers, Biological, Blood Pressure, Troponin-T, Natriuretic Peptide Brain, Athletes, Echocardiography, Doppler/methods     

Effect of particle size on hydroxyapatite crystal-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion by macrophages

Macrophages may promote a vicious cycle of inflammation and calcification in the vessel wall by ingesting neointimal calcific deposits (predominantly hydroxyapatite) and secreting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, itself a vascular calcifying agent. Here we have investigated whether particle size affects the proinflammatory potential of hydroxyapatite crystals in vitro and whether the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway plays a role in the macrophage TNFalpha response. The particle size and nano-topography of nine different crystal preparations was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and gas sorbtion analysis. Macrophage TNFalpha secretion was inversely related to hydroxyapatite particle size (P=0.011, Spearman rank correlation test) and surface pore size (P=0.014). A necessary role for the NF-kappaB pathway was demonstrated by time-dependent I kappaB alpha degradation and sensitivity to inhibitors of I kappaB alpha degradation. To test whether smaller particles were intrinsically more bioactive, their mitogenic activity on fibroblast proliferation was examined. This showed close correlation between TNFalpha secretion and crystal-induced fibroblast proliferation (P=0.007). In conclusion, the ability of hydroxyapatite crystals to stimulate macrophage TNFalpha secretion depends on NF-kappaB activation and is inversely related to particle and pore size, with crystals of 1-2 microm diameter and pore size of 10-50 A the most bioactive. Microscopic calcific deposits in early stages of atherosclerosis may therefore pose a greater inflammatory risk to the plaque than macroscopically or radiologically visible deposits in more advanced lesions.     

Phenol Toxicity Following Cutaneous Exposure to Creolin?: A Case Report

Introduction

Phenol is a caustic that may cause cutaneous or gastrointestinal burns depending on the route of exposure. Significant absorption may result in systemic toxicity. We present a case of topical phenol exposure resulting in cutaneous burns and systemic phenol toxicity.

Case report

A 9-year-old girl was exposed to Creolin®, a general-purpose disinfectant containing phenol, when her mother applied this product to her head and upper torso. The patient required endotracheal intubation due to depressed mental status; she had cutaneous erythema in the distribution of contact with the cleanser. An initial EKG revealed sinus tachycardia with brief runs of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. On hospital day (HD) 1, the area of erythema extended to both upper extremities and hyperpigmentation developed over the affected areas, which continued to darken during the hospital course. The patient was extubated late on HD 1. On HD 2, the patient’s urine was noted to be a dark green color that resolved later that day. On HD 3, areas of desquamation and decreased sensation developed in skin areas of maximal contact with the cleanser. The patient developed a mild transaminitis with peak AST and ALT levels of 84 units/l and 99 units/l, respectively. The patient was discharged to home on HD 4.

Discussion

Our patient presented with signs of cutaneous and systemic phenol toxicity characterized by dermal burns, depressed mental status, cardiac dysrhythmias, and elevated hepatic transaminases. Phenol exposure may cause systemic toxicity following limited dermal exposure.