Multifunctional ZnPc-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhancement of photodynamic therapy efficacy by endolysosomal escape

The cellular uptake and localization of photosensitizer-loaded nanoparticles have significant impact on photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy due to short lifetime and limited action radius of singlet oxygen. Herein, we develop poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)- and polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which are able to distribute in the cytosol by endolysosomal escape. In this photosensitizer-carrier system (PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc), ZnPc is a PDT agent; MSNs are the nanocarrier for encapsulating ZnPc; PEI facilitates endosomal escape; and PEG enhances biocompatibility. The as-synthesized PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc have a high escape efficiency from the lysosome to the cytosol due to the "proton sponge" effect of PEI. Compared with the ZnPc-loaded MSNs, the phototoxicity of the PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc is greatly enhanced in?vitro. By measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential, a significant loss of >80% Δψm after treatment with PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc-PDT is observed. It is further demonstrated that the ultra-efficient passive tumor targeting and excellent PDT efficacy are achieved in tumor-bearing mice upon intravenous injection of PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc and the followed light exposure. We present here a strategy for enhancement of PDT efficacy by endolysosomal escape and highlight the promise of using multifunctional MSNs for cancer therapy.     

腹腔镜对腹腔肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜对腹腔肿瘤的临床诊断价值。方法：对2006年12月至2010年12月76例有腹痛腹胀、发热或腹部肿块怀疑腹腔肿瘤的患者进行腹腔镜探查。结果：腹腔镜手术探查76例均得到明确诊断。结论：腹腔镜探查是一种安全有效的诊断方法,通过镜下观察及活检组织病理检查可基本明确病因,有效指导手术治疗。     

三种交联剂对牙本质粘结强度的影响

目的 探讨三种交联剂对牙本质粘结强度影响的情况.方法分析48颗无龋坏、无明显磨损、大小形态相似,发育正常的成人第三磨牙,制备粘结界面并对粘结界面玷污层进行制备,对照组为12颗,实验I组（戊二醛组）12颗,实验II组（原花色素组）12颗,实验III组（京尼平组）12颗.结果 实验III组粘结强度显著高于实验I组和实验II组,各组的湿粘结组的粘结强度均显著高于干粘结组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论三种交联剂对牙本质粘结强度影响表明京尼平组的粘结效果更佳,推荐临床上使用.     

Neural mechanisms of subliminal priming for traumatic episodic memory: An ERP study

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured to study the electrophysiological mechanisms of subliminal priming of traumatic episodic memory. Twenty-four Chinese subjects who had experienced the great Sichuan earthquake in 2008 were classified either as normal control or as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subjects. Results showed that subliminally presented earthquake-related words elicited two significantly more positive ERP deflections (P2 and P300) than did earthquake-unrelated words between 250–300 ms and 340–400 ms post-stimulus periods for the PTSD group, but not for the control group. Dipole source analysis showed that the P2 was mainly generated in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), which appeared to be related to unconscious attentional resource allocation to the earthquake-related words. In addition, the P300 was found to be generated in the parahippocampal gyrus, which seemed to be related to the involuntary activation of traumatic episodic memory. These results indicated that catastrophic earthquake experiences made some subjects extremely sensitive and hyper-responsive to trauma-related information.     

弥漫性肝癌的超声诊断分析

目的：提高弥漫性肝癌的诊断率。方法：对经手术病理证实的８３例弥漫性肝癌的超声图像特征及临床特点进行了综合分析。结果及结论：阐明了肝体积大小、肝包膜改变、肝内回声、门脉栓子及其它临床特征在弥漫性肝癌中的诊断价值     

迈之灵联合左西替利嗪治疗静脉曲张性湿疹临床观察

目的 研究迈之灵联合左西替利嗪治疗静脉曲张性湿疹的临床疗效.方法 将105例静脉曲张性湿疹患者随机分成2组,试验组53例,对照组52例.试验组予迈之灵联合左西替利嗪治疗,对照组仅予左西替利嗪治疗,评价2组疗效及安全性.结果 治疗4周末试验组和对照组有效率分别为58.49%和34.62%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗8周末试验组和对照组有效率分别为88.68%和42.31%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),2组均未见严重不良反应.结论 迈之灵联合左西替利嗪可显著提高静脉曲张性湿疹的治疗效果.     

4~6 岁幼儿姿势控制能力的发展特征

目的 研究4~6岁幼儿静、动态姿势控制能力（posture control ability, PCA）的年龄及性别特征,分析各感受器对幼儿PCA的贡献率。方法 对100名幼儿进行静、动态PCA测试。采用独立样本t检验分析两腿PCA的差异性,ANOVA分析年龄×性别和4种站立条件（单脚睁/闭眼硬地站立、单脚睁/闭眼垫上站立）对PCA的影响。结果 单脚睁眼硬地站立下4~6岁幼儿两单腿的静态PCA差异具有非常显著性（P<0.01）,其中优势腿静态PCA 6岁组＞5岁组＞4岁组;4种站立条件下站立时间的主效应非常显著（P<0.01）,各感受器在维持姿势控制时贡献率总和大于100%,且存在前庭觉＞视觉＞本体觉;动态PCA 6岁组显著优于4岁组、5岁组。结论 4~6 岁幼儿静态PCA已有优势腿与非优势腿之分;动、静态PCA随着年龄增长而增长,其中6岁女童前庭觉系统发展速度快于男童;幼儿通过视觉、本体觉、前庭觉等通过复杂的整合作用维持身体的姿势控制,其中前庭觉起主要作用,其次是视觉、本体感觉。     

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula ameliorates chronic kidney disease: involvement of mitochondrial quality control network

Background

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula (JPYSF), a Chinese herbal decoction with the efficacies of ‘fortify the spleen and tonify the kidney’ and ‘activate blood and resolve stasis’, is effective for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in clinic. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of JPYSF on retarding chronic kidney disease progression in 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6 Nx) rats.

Methods

Perindopril (4?mg/kg/d) and JPYSF (2.72?g/kg/d) were administrated by gavage to 5/6 Nx rats daily for 6?weeks. The therapeutic effects of JPYSF were evaluated by renal function, pathological injury, and fibrosis. The protein levels associated with mitochondrial quality control network were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results

5/6 Nx rats showed obvious decline in renal function as evidenced by increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary protein excretion, and significant injury in kidney structure as evidenced by glomerular hypertrophy, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Administration of JPYSF for 6 weeks could improve renal function and ameliorate kidney structure injury in 5/6 Nx rats. Furthermore, the remnant kidneys of 5/6 Nx rats showed unbalanced mitochondrial quality control network manifested as decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and mitophagy, and increased mitochondrial fission. Treatment of JPYSF could restore aforesaid aspects of mitochondrial quality control network.

Conclusions

These results indicate that JPYSF can notably ameliorate 5/6 Nx-induced chronic kidney disease, which may be related with modulation of mitochondrial quality control network.

     

The association between the brain and mind pops: a voxel-based morphometry study in 256 Chinese college students

Mind pops or involuntary semantic memories refer to words, phrases, images, or melodies that suddenly pop into one’s mind without any deliberate attempt to recall them. Despite their prevalence in everyday life, research on mind pops has started only recently. Notably, mind pops are very similar to clinical involuntary phenomena such as hallucinations in schizophrenia, suggesting their potential role in pathology. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between mind pops and the brain morphometry measured in 302 healthy young adults; after exclusions, 256 participants were included in our analyses. Specifically, the Mind Popping Questionnaire (MPQ) was employed to measure the degree of individual mind pops, whereas the Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) was used to compute the volumes of both gray and white matter tissues. Multiple regression analyses on MPQ and VBM metrics indicated that high-frequency mind pops were significantly associated with smaller gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus as well as with larger gray and white matter volume in the right medial prefrontal cortex. This increase in mind pops is also linked to higher creativity and the personality trait of ‘openness’. These data not only suggest a key role of the two regions in generating self-related thoughts, but also open a possible link between brain and creativity or personality.     

多聚糖术中止血装置用于上消化道动脉性出血的动物实验研究

目的　验证EndoClot多聚糖术中止血装置（EndoClot polysaccharide hemostatic system,EndoClot PHS）用于肝素化上消化道动脉性出血（Forrest Ⅰa）内镜下治疗的有效性和安全性。方法　将12只巴拿马猪以计算机简单随机分组的方法随机分为实验组（n=6）和对照组（n=6）,建立胃动脉性出血动物模型。实验组和对照组分别使用Endoclot PHS和Hemospray喷洒创面止血,胃镜下持续观察30 min,比较2组达到有效止血的时间、止血颗粒使用量、送粉管堵塞及更换次数等。术后观察实验猪存活情况,并发症发生情况等。10 d后,所有实验猪行安乐死并行病理解剖。结果　12只实验猪均达到喷射性或搏动性出血。实验组和对照组达到有效止血的时间［（8.75±0.84） min比（9.83±0.62） min,t=-2.53,P=0.030］及达到有效止血的止血颗粒使用量［（6.71±0.39） g 比（14.10±1.62） g,t=-10.86,P<0.001］比较差异均有统计学意义。2组送粉管堵塞及更换次数差异无统计学意义［（0.64±0.02）次比（0.67±0.04）次,t=-1.64,P=0.131］。实验组气源更稳定,内镜下视野更清晰。实验组和对照组均未出现胃损伤、穿孔及气栓形成,血糖、血常规和肝肾功能均正常,均未出现主要器官的血栓形成及栓塞。结论　EndoClot PHS用于肝素化上消化道动脉性出血（Forrest Ⅰa）动物模型的内镜下治疗是安全有效的。