'Mind and Body': a lifestyle programme for people on antipsychotic medication

Rationale  Psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and their treatments have consequences in terms of lifestyle, diet and weight.
Aims and objectives  'Mind and Body' is a 10-week programme of weekly sessions aimed to improve the health status of people treated with second generation antipsychotic medications.
Methods  The programme focuses on a range of lifestyle strategies including diet and exercise and was conducted at a Community Health Centre by professionally qualified staff. Between 2002 and 2006, 50 participants enrolled in, and 30 completed the programme. Measures of body weight, health status (Short Form-36) and blood markets (plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c and lipid profile) were collected at commencement and completion of the programme.
Results  A modest improvement was demonstrated in mean values for the majority of measures collected.
Conclusions  A lifestyle program for people treated with antipsychotic medications is achievable and may be worthwhile although gains may be modest.     

2015-2018年陕西省居民心血管病死亡现状及寿命损失分析

目的 了解2015-2018年陕西省居民心血管病的死亡现状及潜在寿命损失情况,为确定疾病防治重点,制定防控策略和措施提供参考依据。方法 收集2015-2018年陕西省死因监测数据,计算不同性别、城乡、年龄组心血管病的死亡率、标化死亡率和构成比,计算疾病负担指标潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、标化潜在减寿年数(SPYLL)、潜在减寿率(PYLLR)、标化潜在减寿率(SPYLLR)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)。结果 2015-2018年陕西省居民心血管病平均粗死亡率333.25/10万(标化死亡率326.61/10万),占全人群死亡的54.01%,其中平均粗死亡率男性(353.73/10万)高于女性(311.66/10万)(〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=280.679,P<0.001);农村(341.15/10万)高于城市(328.26/10万)(〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=25.018,P<0.001)。前2位心血管病死因分别是脑血管病和缺血性心脏病。心血管病死亡率随年龄增长而升高,75岁以后增长迅速。全死因期望寿命77.01岁,且女性高于男性、农村高于城市;全人群去心血管病死因后提高了11.90岁。因心血管病死亡导致的PYLL为440072人年(SPYLL为404212人年)、PYLLR为20.88‰(SPYLLR为19.17‰)、AYLL为6.26年,且男性PYLL、PYLLR、AYLL均明显高于女性。结论 心血管病是危害陕西省居民身体健康和生命安全的主要疾病之一,造成的寿命损失较为严重,政府相关部门应重点关注心血管病高危人群的预防与控制措施,从而减少心血管病的发生和死亡。     

2006-2013年陕西省眉县老年人伤害病例分析

摘要:目的　描述陕西省眉县老年人伤害病例的流行特征,为预防、控制该地区老年人伤害的发生、发展提供科学依据。方法　研究对象来自于陕西省眉县的3家监测哨点医院,对2006-2013年因伤害首诊的60岁及以上老年人伤害病例进行描述性分析。结果　共收集老年人伤害病例3751例,男女性别比为1.55∶1。监测到的眉县老年人伤害病例占全人群伤害病例的比例逐年上升;前三位伤害发生原因依次为跌倒/坠落、机动车车祸及钝器伤;伤害的发生地点主要在家中（占43.43%）和公路/街道（39.19%）,伤害发生时的活动主要为休闲活动（39.64%）和家务/学习（25.09%）;伤害的性质以骨折（33.35%）及挫伤/擦伤（25.17%）为主,伤害部位主要是躯干（20.37%）、头部（18.13%）和下肢（17.65%）;伤害的严重程度依次为中度、轻度和重度。结论　陕西省眉县老年人伤害的发生日趋严重,该地区的伤害预防和控制工作亟待加强。     

直肠绒毛状肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨直肠绒毛状肿瘤MRI表现,以提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析本院经病理证实的15例直肠绒毛状肿瘤(绒毛管状腺瘤9例,绒毛状腺瘤6例)的MRI资料.结果 15例绒毛状肿瘤中7例表现为绒球状,可见厚柄,5例表现为结节状,3表现为乳头状;15例T1WI均表现为低信号,T.WI为稍低信号;DWI序列9例表现为中央低信号,周围呈高信号,余6例表现均匀稍高信号;动态增强扫描7例表现为病灶中央枯树枝样强化,5例呈均匀轻中度强化,3表现为脑回状强化;11例合并不同程度不典型增生,4例合并癌变,其直径均＞3 cm,其中2例表现为绒球状、中央呈枯树枝样强化,2例表现为乳头状,呈脑回状强化.结论 绒毛状肿瘤MRI表现形式多样,直肠MRI扫描能够显示直肠绒毛状肿瘤的典型表现及合并癌变的MRI表现.     

植酸作为螯合剂去除根管玷污层的效力及其对牙本质化学组成的影响

目的:通过体外实验评价植酸(IP6)作为根管螯合剂去除次氯酸钠溶液处理的牙本质表面玷污层的效力,探究其对次氯酸钠溶液处理的牙本质化学组成的影响。方法:24个完整无龋正畸牙取得牙本质样本随机分成4组。A组:2 mL去离子水(pH7.4)处理5 min;B组:2 mL 5%NaClO溶液(pH12)处理5 min;C组:2 mL 5%NaClO溶液处理5 min后,2 mL 17% EDTA溶液(pH7.5)处理1 min;D组:2 mL 5% NaClO溶液处理5 min后,2 mL 1% IP6溶液(pH1.3)处理1 min。SEM观察样本表面玷污层去除情况,衰减全反射红外光谱仪(ATR-IR)测量样本红外光谱,得到处理前后的M:M(matrix:mineral)和C:M(carbonate:mineral)。以双因素重复测量方差分析比较差异。结果:SEM显示处理后A组仍有大量玷污层剩余,B组玷污层去除效果不明显,C组玷污层基本完全去除,D组玷污去除效果更加明显。ATR-IR结果经统计分析后发现,A组M:M处理前后无显著差异(P=0.744),B、C、D组均显著下降(P<0.01);处理后B、C、D组明显低于A组(P<0.01),而该3组间无显著差异(P>0.05);四组C:M处理后均略低于处理前(P<0.01)。结论:植酸能够有效地去除经次氯酸钠溶液处理后的牙本质表面的玷污层,并且其与EDTA对牙本质本身化学组成的影响无显著差别。     

Commentary on the regulatory implications of noise-induced cochlear neuropathy

Abstract

Objective: A discussion on whether recent research on noise-induced cochlear neuropathy in rodents justifies changes in current regulation of occupational noise exposure. Design: Informal literature review and commentary, relying on literature found in the authors’ files. No formal literature search was performed. Study sample: Published literature on temporary threshold shift (TTS) and cochlear pathology, in humans and experimental animals, as well as the regulations of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Results: Humans are less susceptible to TTS, and probably to cochlear neuropathy, than rodents. After correcting for inter-species audiometric differences (but not for differences in susceptibility), exposures that caused cochlear neuropathy in rodents already exceed OSHA limits. Those exposures also caused “pathological TTS” (requiring more than 24?h to recover), which does not appear to occur with human broadband noise exposure permissible under OSHA. Conclusion: It would be premature to conclude that noise exposures permissible under OSHA can cause cochlear neuropathy in humans.     

Low levels of erythroid and myeloid progenitors in thrombopoietin-and c- mpl-deficient mice

Thrombopoietin (TPO), the ligand for the c-mpl receptor, has been shown to be the major regulator of platelet production. Mice deficient in either c-mpl or TPO generated by homologous recombination show a dramatic decrease in platelet counts, but other blood cell counts are normal. Because TPO treatment of myelosuppressed mice not only enhances the recovery of platelets but also accelerates erythroid recovery, we investigated the levels of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in TPO-or c-mpl-deficient mice. Our results show that the number of megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multilineage progenitors are significantly reduced in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood of either TPO-or c-mpl-deficient mice. Administration of recombinant murine TPO to TPO-deficient mice and control littermate mice significantly increased the absolute number of myeloid, erythroid, and mixed progenitors in bone marrow and spleen. This increase was especially apparent in TPO-deficient mice where numbers were increased to a level greater than in diluent-treated control mice and approached or equaled that in the TPO-treated control mice. Moreover, TPO- administration greatly increased the number of circulating progenitors as well as platelets in both TPO-deficient and control mice. Furthermore, the megakaryocytopoietic activity of other cytokines in the absence of a functional TPO or c-mpl gene was shown both in vitro and in vivo.