Designing a mixer for calibrating blood-gas analyzers

Moscow Automobile Roads Institute. All-Union Medical Instrumentation Research Institute, Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 35–38, May–June, 1991.     

Effect of pH and glutathione on lipid peroxidation in tocopherol-enriched liposomes

Tocopherol-enriched liver microsomes are more resistant to lipid peroxidation at an alkaline pH of 8.5 in comparison with microsomes incubated at pH 7.5. An alkaline pH provides conditions for two-electron oxidation of tocopherol, which causes the lipid molecule to revert to the initial state (O₂/H exchange). A possible mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation within the physiological range of pH with participation of a glutathione-dependent enzyme is discussed. Translated fromByullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 268–270, September, 1995 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Mechanism of action of baclofen on myocardial and vascular contractility

Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Man and Animals, A. I. Gertsen Leningrad Pedagogic Institute. Department of Pharmacology, Academician I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Val'dman.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 436–438, October, 1988.     

Kinetic analysis of interactions between bispecific monoclonal antibodies and immobilized antigens using a resonant mirror biosensor

A resonant mirror biosensor (IAsys) protocol is described for the comparative kinetic analysis of the ability of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and bispecific antibodies (Babs) to bind immobilized antigens. The protocol has been optimized and validated using the panel of affinity-purified antibodies, including two parental Mabs, one specific to human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and another specific to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and a Bab derived thereof by cell fusion (anti-hIgG/HRP Bab). The real-time kinetic analysis of antigen–antibody interactions using this protocol allows to demonstrate the differences in the avidity of bivalently binding Mabs and monovalent Babs. As shown in our previous study [J. Immunol. Methods 261 (2002) 103], the observed equilibrium association constants (K_ass) determined by IAsys using this protocol yield figures almost overlapping with those obtained by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). The described protocol is suited for the investigation of the effects of valency on the binding properties of antibodies. It also may be applied for the selection of Mabs and Babs with desired features, for different fields of application.     

Interchromosomal duplications of the adrenoleukodystrophy locus: a phenomenon of pericentromeric plasticity

A 9.7 kb segment encompassing exons 7-10 of the adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) locus of the X chromosome has duplicated to specific locations near the pericentromeric regions of human chromosomes 2p11,10p11, 16p11 and 22q11. Comparative sequence analysis reveals 92-96% nucleotide identity, indicating that the autosomal ALD paralogs arose relatively recently during the course of higher primate evolution (5-10 million years ago). Analysis of sequences flanking the duplication region identifies the presence of an unusual GCTTTTTGC repeat which may be a sequence-specific integration site for the process of pericentromeric- directed transposition. The breakpoint sequence and phylogenetic analysis predict a two-step transposition model, in which a duplication from Xq28 to pericentromeric 2p11 occurred once, followed by a rapid distribution of a larger duplicon cassette among the pericentromeric regions. In addition to facilitating more effective mutation detection among ALD patients, these findings provide further insight into the molecular basis underlying a pericentromeric-directed mechanism for non- homologous interchromosomal exchange.      

The histoarchitectonics of the uveal tract vessels in the rabbit eye in the dynamics of the burn process]

By means of injecting soot into the vessels of the uveal tract of the rabbit eye the character of changes in the architectonics of the vascular bed in dynamics of the burn process could be detected. It was found that a burn trauma produces changes in practically the whole uveal tract, but to a greater extent, in its anterior segment. Reduction of blood filling of the vessels or their total segmentary "switching-off" is connected with the development of reversible (thrombosis, oedema of endotheliocytes and surrounding stroma, hemolysis) and irreversible (destruction of the vascular wall, obliteration of vessels) structural changes. The degree of disturbances in blood circulation and reversibility of these changes depend on the severity of the burn. In case of less severe burns, total structural restoration of the vascular network in the nearest time is recorded, while in severe burns--partial restoration with elements of vascular net reconstruction of adaptive character.     

A new approach to hybrid hybridoma construction based on the use of an actinomycin D-resistant myeloma cell line

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. A. Zotikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 11, pp. 511–514, November, 1991.