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排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: risk due to homozygous HLA haplotypes 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
BACKGROUND: Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) may occur in transfusions of blood from HLA-homozygous persons to HLA- heterozygous persons who share a haplotype. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two mathematical models were developed to calculate the upper and lower limit of the associated risks in various populations using a combination of serology- and DNA sequence-based HLA haplotype frequencies. RESULTS: For nondirected transfusion, the range of the estimated risk in United States whites is 1 of 17,700 to 39,000 (1/6,900-48,500 in Germans; 1/1,600-7,900 in Japanese). The risk in directed donation between parents and children is increased at least 21- fold for US whites, 18-fold for Germans, and 11-fold for Japanese. CONCLUSION: For nondirected transfusions, the estimates of TA-GVHD risk derived in this model are lower than estimates of previously published models, are in better agreement with the clinical experience, and explain in part the observed discrepancy between TA-GVHD incidence in the United States and that in Japan. Most notably for US whites, the relative increase in risk in directed transfusion is larger than previously thought. 相似文献
32.
Hamers F Downs AM Alix J Brunet JB 《Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin》1997,2(5):36-37
In 1996, 24 920 AIDS cases were reported in the WHO European Region, bringing the cumulative total to 185 808 cases including 6969 (4%) paediatric cases (<13 years). For the first time since the start of the epidemic, the annual number of cases reported d 相似文献
33.
Saeed M; Braun SD; Cohan RH; Sussman SK; Illescas FF; Perlmutt LM; Newman GE; Dunnick NR 《Radiology》1987,165(2):345-349
The choice of a contrast agent for pulmonary angiography has important implications for patient comfort, image quality, and perhaps the safety of the procedure, particularly for "high-risk" patients. In a prospective study the nonionic, low-osmolality agent iopamidol eliminated the problem of image degradation due to coughing, and patients showed excellent tolerance for it. However, pressure measurements obtained within 3-5 minutes of injection of iopamidol and diatrizoate sodium meglumine 76% showed no significant difference in the hemodynamic effects of the two contrast agents, either for normotensive or for pulmonary hypertensive patients. Contrary to a common presumption, pulmonary hypertension by itself did not appear to increase the risk of pulmonary angiography. The theoretic presumption of greater hemodynamic stability with low-osmolality contrast agents was not clinically evident in this trial with iopamidol. At present, enhanced patient comfort and improved image quality remain the only confirmed bases for choosing this contrast agent for pulmonary angiography. 相似文献
34.
CJ McIntyre JLY Allen VA Constantinides JE Jackson NS Tolley FF Palazzo 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2015,97(8):598-602
Introduction
Reoperative parathyroidectomy is required when there is persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism following the initial surgery (at least 5% of parathyroidectomies nationally). By convention, ‘persistent disease’ is defined as the situation where the patient has not been cured by the first operation. The term ‘recurrent hyperparathyroidism’ is used when the patient was confirmed to be biochemically cured for six months from the first operation but has hyperparathyroidism after this date. Reoperative surgery is associated with higher rates of postoperative complications as well as a greater rate of failure to cure. The aim of our study was to review our departmental experience of reoperative parathyroidectomy, with a view to identify patterns of disease persistence and recurrence.Methods
Using a departmental database, patients were identified who had undergone reoperative parathyroidectomy between 2006 and 2014. All the pre, intra and postoperative information was documented including the operative note so as to record the location of the abnormal parathyroid gland found at reoperation.Results
Almost two-thirds (63%) of patients had negative, equivocal or discordant conventional imaging so secondary investigative tools were required frequently. The majority of abnormal glands were found in eutopic locations. The most common locations for ectopic glands were intrathyroidal, mediastinal and intrathymic. A third (33%) of the patients had multigland disease and over a quarter (28%) had coexisting thyroid disease.Conclusions
Persistent hyperparathyroidism represents a challenging patient subgroup for which access to all radiological modalities and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring are required. Patient selection for reintervention is a key determinant in the reoperation cure rate. 相似文献35.
36.
37.
Casanueva FF Molich ME Schlechte JA Abs R Bonert V Bronstein MD Brue T Cappabianca P Colao A Fahlbussh R Fideleff H Hadani M Kelly P Kleinberg D Laws ED Marek J Scanlon M Sobrinho LG Wass JAH Giustina A 吴哲褒 张亚卓 《中华神经外科杂志》2008,24(10)
首次测定确立高催乳血症必需避免过度的静脉穿刺压力,理想的情况是醒后或饭后致少1h来测试. 相似文献
38.
Verghis SB; Essigmann JM; Kadlubar FF; Morningstar ML; Lasko DD 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(12):2403-2414
Mutagenesis by the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) was
studied in single-stranded DNA from a bacteriophage M13 cloning vector. In
comparison to ABP lesions in double-stranded DNA, lesions in single-
stranded DNA were approximately 70-fold more mutagenic and 50-fold more
genotoxic. Sequencing analysis of ABP-induced mutations in the lacZ gene
revealed exclusively base-pair substitutions, with over 80% of the
mutations occurring at G sites; the G at position 6310 accounted for 25% of
the observed mutations. Among the sequence changes at G sites, G- ->T
transversions predominated, followed by G-->C transversions and G--
>A transitions. In order to further elucidate the mutagenic mechanism of
ABP, an oligonucleotide containing the major DNA adduct, N-
(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG(8-ABP)), was situated within the
PstI site of a single-stranded M13 genome. After in vivo replication of the
adduct containing ABP-modified and control (unadducted) genomes, the
mutational frequency and mutational specificity of the dG(8-ABP) lesion
were determined. The targeted mutational efficiency was approximately
0.01%, and the primary mutation observed was the G-->C transversion.
Thus dG(8-ABP), albeit weakly mutagenic at the PstI site, can contribute to
the mutational spectrum of ABP lesions.
相似文献
39.
Methyl-hydroxylated metabolites of the potent carcinogen, 7,12-
dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), namely, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-
methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OH-DMBA), 7-methyl-12-
hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (12-OH-DMBA) and 7,12-
dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-diOH-DMBA), were examined as
substrates for sulfotransferase bioactivation in different human tissue
cytosols. Hepatic cytosols, which were able to catalyze the 3'-
phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent DNA binding of 7-OH-
DMBA, 12-OH-DMBA and 7,12-diOH-DMBA, were highly sensitive to inhibition by
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a specific substrate for human DHEA-steroid
sulfotransferase (IC50 = 5 microM). By comparison,
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, a potent inhibitor of the thermostable (TS)-
phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, did not have an appreciable
inhibitory effect. Neither p-nitrophenol, a high affinity substrate for
human TS-phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, nor dopamine, a specific
substrate for the thermolabile (TL)-phenol sulfotransferase, significantly
inhibited the DNA binding of 12-OH-DMBA catalyzed by hepatic cytosols.
Inter-subject variation (n = 12) of the PAPS- dependent DNA binding of
12-OH- and 7,12-diOH-DMBAs also correlated well with DHEA-sulfotransferase
activity (r = 0.90; P < 0.00001 and r = 0.92; P < 0.00001,
respectively). This sulfation-dependent metabolic activation was not
detected in cytosols from human colon, pancreas, larynx or mammary gland.
Both TS- and TL-phenol sulfotransferases were active in human liver and
colon but only liver contained DHEA- sulfotransferase activity. These
results indicate that the sulfotransferase-mediated activation of the
methyl-hydroxylated DMBAs is predominantly catalyzed by DHEA-steroid
sulfotransferase in human liver and that TS- and TL-phenol
sulfotransferases and estrogen sulfotransferase are not involved in the
catalysis.
相似文献
40.
Deficient Lymphoid Cell-Mediated, PHA-Induced Cytotoxicity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lymphoid cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared with those from healthy blood donors and from nonrheumatoid arthritis patients for the ability to manifest in vitro cytotoxicity against target cells in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-target cell antibodies. The PHA-induced cytotoxicity in the rheumatoid patient group was significantly lower than that of the blood donors (P < 0.01) and of the nonrheumatoid patients (P < 0.05). The rheumatoid arthritis patients appeared to fall into two groups, one with normal and one with distinctly subnormal PHA-induced cytotoxicity. No obvious differences were observed between these two groups with regard to duration or activity of the disease, treatment, autoantibodies, or the proportion in peripheral blood of T lymphocytes (E–RFC) or Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes (EA-RFC). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. 相似文献