A Comparative Study on the Effect of BCG-PSN and Thymopeptides on T-lymphocyte Subsets of Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice

Polysaccharidenucleicacidfractionofbacilluscalmetteguerin (BCG PSN ,SiqikangInjection)andthymopeptidesarenowtwowidelyusedimmunomod ulatorsinclinicalpractice .Theyareusuallyusedasanadjuvanttherapyforvirusinfection ,autoimmunediseasesandneoplasms ,whichhavebeenclinicallyprovedtobeeffective .Somereportsdemonstratedthattheybothcanstimulatetheproliferationanddif ferentiationofT lymphocytes.However ,theexactmechanismshavenotbeenelucidatedyet .InordertocomparetheirmodulatingmechanismsonT lympho c…     

Doppler examination and cerebral arterial stricture in patients with ischemic stroke

With the development of interventional therapy, it is necessary for evaluating cerebral vessels to instruct treatment and determine prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke; however, correlation of distribution of infarction focus and clinical symptoms with degrees of cerebrovasoular stricture is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of cerebral arterial stricture of patients with ischemic stroke with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and color duplex flow imaging (CDFI) and compare the correlation between distribution of cerebral infarction focus and clinical types with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).DESIGN: Contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were selected from the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2005, including 106 males and 53 females aged from 27 to 88 years. Bases on diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by Rao et al, clinical manifestations of all patients were evaluated with CT or nuclear magnetic resonance. All patients provided the confirmed consent.METHODS: The accepted patients received TCD and CDFI examination at 1 week after onset of ischemic stroke. Among them, 112 patients received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. MRI was used to check cerebral infarction focus and cerebrovascular stricture ＞ 50% was regarded as the accepted vessels. In addition, DWI-T2 TCD (Germany) was used to check middle cerebral artery, and degrees of middle cerebral artery were classified into mild, moderate and severe stricture based on blood velocity (140 cm/s,180 cm/s). Stroke was classified based on characteristics of infarction focus and clinical symptoms showed with MRI and correlation with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture was analyzed simultaneously.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between the characteristics of ischemic stroke and clinical symptoms checked with TCD and CDFI.RESULTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were involved in the final analysis; in addition, 112 oases received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. ① MRI results of 159 patients with cerebral artery occlusive disease (CAOD): There were 131 patients (82.3%) with cerebral infarction, 40 (25.2%)with transient ischemic attack and 4 (2.5%) with subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). ② Infarction types with MRI examination: There were 33 patients (20.8%) with solitary cerebral infarction and 98 (61.6%) with multiple-cerebral infarction. ③ Results of TCD, CDFI, MRI angiography, CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA): Among 112 patients, 181 lesion sites (61 .8%) were located in cranium and 112 lesion sites were located out of cranium; especially, lesion site was mostly observed in stem of middle cerebral artery (31.2%) and watershed of basilar artery (7.2%) in cranium and the beginning site of internal carotid artery (21 .4%) out of cranium. ④ Correlation of vascular stricture checking with TCD, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, MRI and clinical diagnosis demonstrated that 68 patients had a watershed infarction; meanwhile,TCD examination indicated that there were 3 patients with mild vascular stricture, 24 with moderate vascular stricture and 36 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among 68 patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 27 patient with mild vascular stricture, 26 with moderate vascular stricture and 15 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences (x2 =26.854, P =0.001 ). Clinical diagnosis indicated that 40 patients had transient ischemic attack and TCD examination demonstrated that there were 8 patient with mild vascular stricture, 12 with moderate vascular stricture and 20 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences as compared with 68 patients with watershed infarction (x2 =21.258, P =0.001). ⑤Correlation of vascular stricture checking with CDFI, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, among patients who were determined as watershed infarction with MRI and clinical diagnosis, CDFI examination indicated that there were 32 patients with mild vascular stricture at neck, 25 with moderate vascular stricture and 6 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 48 patient with mild vascular stricture, 18 with moderate vascular stricture and 2 with severe vascular stricture.There were significant differences (x2 =6.018, P =0.019). Among patients with transient ischemic attack checking with clinical diagnosis, there were 23 patient with mild vascular stricture, 9 with moderate vascular stricture and 8 with severe vascular stricture. There were no significant differences as compared with patients with non-watershed infarction (x2 =0.597, P=0.440).CONCLUSION: ① TCD and CDFI are effective marks to determine cerebral arterial stricture and hemodynamical changes. ② Infarction and transient ischemic attack at watershed are generally clinical phenotypes of CAOD patients and infarction at watershed is correlated with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture.③ TCD, MRI and clinical analysis of stroke types are significant for instructing treatment and evaluate prognosis.     

抗人生长激素免疫血清的制备和鉴定

Using small dosage of human growth hormone to immunize rabbit or guinea pig, it is able to induce anti-hGH antibody formation with high titre and high affinity that could be applied to hGH RIA. In the present study five rabbits and three guinea pigs were immunized with 125-200 micrograms and 250-285 micrograms per animal of hGH respectively, followed by boosters of 10-20 or 160-250 micrograms of hGH at 2-4 week intervals for 6 or 3 months. Blood was drown 1-2 weeks before each booster for determination of antibody formation. Antibody titre and affinity were successively observed and specificity of antibody was determined for the final bleeding. It was shown that titres of immune sera from guinea pigs were much higher than those of rabbit immune sera, but vice versa for antibody affinity. This might be due to larger immunogen dose used for guinea pigs than for rabbits. Fourteen different peptide hormones were tested in reference to cross-immunoreactivity to anti-hGH antibody. It could be demonstrated that the major cross-reactive hormones are hFSH and hLH, and hTSH also reacts to rabbit anti-hGH immune sera at a lesser degree. These cross reactivities are obviously owing to the molecular homogeneities between hGH and these hormones especially of their alpha-subunits.     

医院老年病房四季全膳食中十五种矿物质元素的测定及评价

对我院老年病房四季１１２份全膳食中的１５种元素（钾、钠、钙、磷、镁、锌、铜、铁、锰、硒、铝、钴、铬、钼、镍）进行了实测。结果表明：钾的平均日摄入量为１８０９＋３８ｍｇ，接近ＲＤＡ值的下限；钠的平均日摄入量为５９７２±１４６ｍｇ远高于１１００～３３００ｍｇ的供给标准。钙、磷、镁的日摄入量已达到了ＲＤＡ值的标准。全膳食中锌、铜的含量分别为１１．６８±０．１９ｍｇ和１．７２±０．１０ｒｎｇ，略低于ＲＤＡ值（１５ｍｇ及２～３ｍｇ）的标准，锰含量为３．４１±０．０９ｍｇ硒为９８±２．５μｇ，都处于安全与适宜摄入范围（２．５～５．０ｍｇ和５０～２００μ９）。钴、铬、钼、镍均为人体必需的微量元素、目前我国尚未建立有关营养供给量标准。该项研究结果可为今后确定其推荐供给量标准提供必要的基础资料．     

预防艾滋病健康教育媒体材料效果评价比较研究

目的评价4种预防艾滋病健康教育媒体材料的信息传播效果和材料效果。该材料由课题组于2003-2005年间设计制作，包括“艾滋病知识”折页、“了解艾滋病”海报、“预防艾滋病健康教育手册”和“认识艾滋病”宣教片等4种。方法2005年12月在珠海市选取小学以上文化程度的18～60岁外来工为测试对象，随机分组对4种材料分别进行评价，各调查了251、248、257和252人，共1008人。通过问卷调查了解受访者的一般情况和对材料信息的可接受性、通俗性和材料形式的生动性等8项指标的评价，采用分级定量赋分的方法进行量化评分，采用SPSS10．1统计软件进行统计分析、比较。结果4种材料的信息传播效果和材料效果总得分平均值分别为74．2±15．0、77．7±13．5、73．0±13．8和77．2±13．6，得分最高的是海报，为77．7±13．5分，最低的是手册，为73．0±13．8分，差异有统计学意义，这种差异主要体现在信息传播效果的差异，而材料效果的差异无统计学意义。通俗性、简明性、生动性和可接受性是影响得分高低的主要因素。结论海报是最适合用于城市外来工进行预防艾滋病健康教育的传播材料，其次是宣教片。     

Computation of Time-Constant Histograms from the Forced Expired Volume-Time Curves

An efficient BASIC program was established on Apple-Ⅱmicrocomputer with the CHESTAC-35F pulmonary function testing system tocalculate the time-constant histogram from the spirogram.By a set of analogousstudies,we confirmed that the recovered time-constant histogram was within onecompartment of the assumed one and that the root of mean square values of theresiduals between the experimental and model volume-time curves was 0.02.Infour healthy adult subjects,the mean value of time-constant histograms(TCx)hadthe variation coefficient 6.6％.The results show that our method is reliable andreproducible,and it can be used for clinical investigation.     

经阴道彩色多普勒诊断未破裂型输卵管妊娠

本文介绍经阴道彩色多普勒诊断未破裂型输卵管妊娠２６例，１３例经手术及病理检查证实，１３例经临床确诊，符合２５例，诊断符合率９６．１５％；误诊１例，误诊率３．８５％。经阴道彩色多普勒检查其二维图像清晰，彩色血流灵敏，能更早发现输卵管妊娠包块内特异的滋养层周围血流及同侧卵巢的黄体血流，使输卵管妊娠在破裂前就能作出诊断，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.     

GGA1 acts as a spatial switch altering amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-site of APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase to release the Abeta peptides that accumulate in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GGA1, a member of the Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing ARF-binding (GGA) protein family, interacts with BACE and influences its subcellular distribution. We now report that overexpression of GGA1 in cells increased the APP C-terminal fragment resulting from beta-cleavage but surprisingly reduced Abeta. GGA1 confined APP to the Golgi, in which fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggest that the proteins come into close proximity. GGA1 blunted only APP but not notch intracellular domain release. These results suggest that GGA1 prevented APP beta-cleavage products from becoming substrates for gamma-secretase. Direct binding of GGA1 to BACE was not required for these effects, but the integrity of the GAT (GGA1 and TOM) domain of GGA1 was. GGA1 may act as a specific spatial switch influencing APP trafficking and processing, so that APP-GGA1 interactions may have pathophysiological relevance in AD.