大鼠脊髓横断性损伤后细胞周期蛋白D3的表达变化

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白D3（Cyclin D3）在横断性脊髓损伤（tSCI）后的表达变化以及定位情况。方法 将48只成年SD大鼠随机分为8组：正常对照组，T9横断伤2、8h、1、3、5、7和14d组，每组6只。采用Western blot测定损伤后各时间段Cyclin D3蛋白水平在脊髓中的表达变化。采用免疫组织化学方法检测Cyclin D3在正常以及损伤后脊髓中的分布和定位。结果 West—emblot显示，Cyclin D3蛋白水平在tSCI后头、尾段均呈现先升高后下降的趋势，尾段明显：Cyclin D3的表达于损伤后8h开始逐渐升高，3d达到高峰，一直持续到第5天，之后逐渐下降。免疫组织化学表明Cyclin D3在正常脊髓中均匀分布，损伤后3d，Cyclin D3在脊髓白质和灰质中表达明显增强；免疫荧光双标记表明Cyclin D3与神经元的标记物neuronal nucleus（NeuN）、少突胶质细胞标记物cyclic nucleotide 3’phosphohydrolase（CNPase）有明显共定位，与星形胶质细胞标记物gtial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）和小胶质细胞标记物OX-42也存在部分共定位。结论脊髓损伤后Cyc—lin D3蛋白水平呈现明显的时相变化，并且与神经元、少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞存在共定位，提示Cyclin D3参与了脊髓损伤后的病理生理过程。     

晶体心脏停搏液优于血液心脏停搏液对风湿性心脏病患者的心肌保护

目的比较血液心脏停搏液和晶体停搏液对风湿性心脏病患者心肌保护的效果,为临床选择提供依据。方法将75例择期手术的风湿性心脏病患者分为两组:血液心脏停搏液组(B-rh)和晶体心脏停搏液组(C-rh)。分别于术前1d,术后1,3,5,8d晨分别取静脉血,测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(AST),肌酸激酶(CK)及同工酶MB(CK-MB),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及同工酶1(LDH-1)。结果术前除B-rh的LDH略高于正常水平外其它心肌酶的测定结果均在正常范围;术后1d两组的心肌酶分别升高到术前的3~19倍(P<0.05);术后3d两组的CK-MB虽说已恢复到正常值,但五种心肌酶仍明显高于术前水平(P<0.05);术后5dC-rh的CK和CK-MB,B-rh的CK,CK-MB和AST与术前相比已无明显差别(P>0.05);术后8d两组的LDH与LDH-1仍未恢复正常(P<0.05)。两组间有显著差异的心肌酶释放均是B-rh的高。心肌酶的释放量与主动脉阻断时间(CCT)和体外循环时间(ECCT)呈良好的正相关。两组患者的年龄,体重和ECCT无明显差异(P>0.05),CCT以B-rh为短[(77.2±34.6)min比(61.7±26.7)min,P<0.05]。结论从心肌酶的释放来判断,晶体心脏停搏液优于血液心脏停搏液对风湿性心脏病患者的心肌保护效果。     

磁性远红外寝具对高脂血症患者血脂、血糖及抗氧化作用的影响

目的 观察磁性远红外寝具对高脂血症患者血脂、血糖及抗氧化作用的影响。方法 60例高脂血症患者，按随机数字表法分为实验组（30例）和对照组（30例）。实验组每晚（6～8h）均使用磁性远红外寝具，连续2个月。对照组用普通寝具。两组均于实验前后取全血，测定血脂、血糖及抗氧化指标等。结果 实验组实验后血清总胆固醇，甘油三酯含量明显低于实验前；实验前后血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-ch）含量及血糖无明显变化（P〉0．05）。实验组实验后MDA含量较实验前显著下降（P〈0．05），而血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性较实验前显著提高（P〈0．01）；实验前后血清中NO含量无明显变化（P〉0．05）。对照组实验前后以上各项指标较实验前均无明显变化，差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 磁性远红外寝具对高脂血症患者具有降血脂作用及抗氧化作用。     

Endodontic surgery using 2 different magnification devices: preliminary results of a randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: The introduction of microsurgical instruments and magnification devices has brought advantages in root-end management and the application of root-end filling materials. The main purpose of this prospective clinical study was to monitor the outcome of ultrasonic root-end preparation using magnification loupes or an endoscope. Tooth location and the presence of post restoration were also examined as potentially affecting the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Teeth treated surgically showed a periradicular lesion of strictly endodontic origin. A total of 59 patients were included in the study, according to specific selection criteria. Following the reflection of a full mucoperiosteal tissue flap, residual soft tissues were curetted, root ends were resected, and root-end cavities were prepared ultrasonically with a zirconium nitrate tip, and zinc oxide EBA-reinforced cement root-end fillings were placed. Thirty-two root-end management procedures were performed using magnification loupes and 39 using an endoscope. All cases followed for a period of 1 year were classified into 3 groups (success, uncertain healing, and failure) according to radiographic and clinical criteria. RESULTS: Of the 71 teeth evaluated at 1-year follow-up, 67 teeth (92.95%) successfully healed, 3 teeth had uncertain healing, and 2 failed. In the group using endoscopy, 94.9% of successful healing was achieved, while for the other group, 90.6% was recorded. We found no statistically significant differences in treatment results related to the arch (P = .20), post restoration (P = .21), or type of magnification device (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, adherence to a strict endodontic surgical protocol and the use of modern surgical endodontic procedures, together with visual magnifications, resulted in an overall high success rate.     

Effects of parity on pregnancy hormonal profiles across ethnic groups with a diverse incidence of breast cancer.

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a full-term pregnancy may affect maternal risk of breast cancer later in life. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare circulating levels of maternal hormones affecting breast differentiation (human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin) and proliferation [alpha-fetoprotein, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and estradiol] between women at a low to moderate risk (Asians and Hispanics), as compared with women at a high risk for breast cancer (Caucasians and African-Americans). Between May 2002 and December 2004, a total of 586 pregnant women were approached during a routine prenatal visit. Among them, 450 women (206 Caucasian, 126 Asian, 88 Hispanic, and 30 African-American) met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. Only singleton pregnancies were considered. Blood samples were drawn during the second trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory analyses were done using the IMMULITE 2000 immunoassay system. Gestational age standardized mean levels of estradiol, IGF-I, and prolactin were significantly higher in Hispanic women compared with Caucasian women. Mean concentration of IGF-I was significantly higher in African-American women compared with Caucasian and Asian women. No significant differences in pregnancy hormone levels were observed between Caucasian and Asian (predominantly second-generation Chinese) women in this study. Irrespective of ethnicity, women who had their first pregnancy had substantially higher mean levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, and prolactin compared with women who previously had at least one full-term pregnancy. These data suggest that circulating pregnancy hormone levels may explain some of the ethnic differences in breast cancer risk.     

脑肿瘤干细胞体外分化过程中的回逆现象分析

目的探讨脑肿瘤干细胞（BTSCs）体外分化过程中的回逆现象，为研究其分化抑制机制奠定基础。方法利用CD133免疫磁珠筛选系统，从肿瘤组织中分离获得的CD133^＋细胞（BTSCs）分成4组进行培养：（1）含10％胎牛血清（FCS）；（2）10％FCS＋丙戊酸钠注射液（VPA）；（3）无FCS＋生长因子；（4）无FCS＋生长因子＋VPA。取不同时间点上的细胞，相差显微镜观察其形态变化：流式细胞术检测与分化相关的标志物、细胞周期和DNA倍体变化；利用免疫激光共聚焦分析与分化相关标志物的共表达情况。结果无FCS条件下培养的BTSCs呈悬浮球状生长，高表达CD133和巢蛋白（nestin），不表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和β-微管蛋白Ⅲ（β-TubulinⅢ）。G0／G1期细胞占大多数，G2／M期细胞接近0％，DNA都是异倍体，对VPA反应不敏感。含FCS培养的原本悬浮的细胞约4h开始贴壁。均呈圆形。此后逐渐向多形性分化，至7d时分化的细胞部分又返回至圆形。至10d-21d时，有的还能重新恢复球形，并呈悬浮生长。培养3d、7d、10d和21d时，CD133、nestin阳性细胞数先降后升，GFAP^＋和β-TubulinⅢ^＋细胞数始终处于较低水平。含FCS培养液中加入VPA。细胞形态上未见上述的回逆现象，CD133和nestin表达的先降后升现象消失，GFAP和β-TubulinⅢ在第7天以后表达明显升高，但极大部分细胞共表达nestin。而神经干细胞（NSCs）在含FCS培养至10d时，即以GFAP和β-TubulinⅢ表达为主，未见CD133^＋细胞。此外，含血清培养时BTSCs仍以异倍体为主。含少量的G2／M期细胞，加VPA诱导后细胞周期和DNA倍体变化不明显。结论BTSCs在含血清条件下培养出现的多向分化表型不稳定，时有去分化所导致的回逆。加入诱导分化剂VPA培养，虽然能阻止回逆现象出现，并有代表星形胶质细胞和神经元标志物表达上升．但因其共表达nestin而仍属于未完全分化细胞，表明BTSCs分化始终处于受抑状态。     

99Tcm-DMSA肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良

目的 探讨^99Tc^m—二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良的价值。方法 疑为肾发育不良患儿29例，行常规^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像和腹部B超检查。图像分析：将发育不良肾分为0～4级。结果 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像示29例患儿中24例为单侧肾发育不良，其中11例1级，7例2级，6例3级，余5例患肾未显影为0级，结合其他：检查诊断为肾发育不良。患肾分肾功能为0～24．9％(平均6．3％)。29例患儿中24例患肾肾皮质显像诊断为肾发育不良，5例患肾未显影，由其他影像学方法确诊，诊断灵敏度为82．76％。29例中19例经手术治疗，病理检查证实为肾发育不良。结论 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像诊断肾发育不良灵敏度高、可靠，可确定发育不良肾部位和判断肾功能。     

下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声声像图改变。方法 应用二维及彩色多普勒超声检查下肢深静脉瓣功能不全36例，47条腿，观察下肢静脉血管及瓣膜的解剖结构和血流动力学改变。结果 有静脉瓣功能不全的患肢静脉管腔内径均有不同程度增宽，瓣膜均有不同程度的改变，脉冲多普勒显示返流频谱返流时间大于0.5s。结论 该检查对诊断下肢深静脉瓣功能不全有较高的实用价值。     

Sodium removal and sodium concentration during peritoneal dialysis: effects of three methods of sodium measurement.

BACKGROUND: Sodium removal (NaR) may have a major impact on the survival of peritoneal dialysis patients. The dialysate/plasma sodium concentration ratio (D/P(Na)) is an indirect index of transcellular water transport by aquaporin channels, and thus of ultrafiltration. Sodium concentration can be assessed by means of flame photometry (F), and direct (D-ISE) or indirect ion-selective electrodes (I-ISE), but these methods have different properties. I-ISE is being used increasingly in clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to evaluate NaR and D/P(Na) using the three different measurement methods. METHODS: We performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) in 44 peritoneal dialysis patients and calculated the NaR. We also calculated D/P(Na) during the test; plasma and dialysate sodium concentrations were measured by F, D-ISE and I-ISE. RESULTS: NaR was lower (P<0.001) with D-ISE (69+/-29 mmol) than with F (81+/-29 mmol) or I-ISE (79+/-28 mmol). D/P(Na) was also lower at baseline (0.92+/-0.02 vs 0.95+/-0.02 and 0.95+/-0.02; P<0.001), after 60 min (0.87+/-0.03 vs 0.90+/-0.03 and 0.90+/-0.03; P<0.001) and at the end of PET (0.88+/-0.04 vs 0.92+/-0.04 and 0.92+/-0.04; P<0.001) when measured by D-ISE in comparison with F and I-ISE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NaR and D/P(Na) were lower when measured by the D-ISE method compared with the F and I-ISE methods. NaR and D/P(Na) were similar when measured by F or I-ISE. I-ISE can be used reliably in the evaluation of NaR and D/P(Na) in everyday clinical practice of peritoneal dialysis.