Risco Cardiometabólico em Crianças e Adolescentes: O Paradoxo entre Índice de Massa Corporal e Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória

BackgroundCardiometabolic risk has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and positively associated with body mass index (BMI).ObjectiveOur objective was to analyze the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with combined BMI and CRF in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study with a sample of 1252 schoolchildren aged seven to 17 years. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated. CRF and BMI were grouped into one variable and the schoolchildren were classified as eutrophic/fit, eutrophic/unfit, overweight-obese/fit, and overweight-obese/unfit. Crude and adjusted analyzes were performed using Poisson Regression and an alpha of 0.05 was adopted.ResultsOverweight-obese and fit schoolchildren showed a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.50 (1.04 – 2.16) for altered TG, 3.05 (2.05 – 4.54) for elevated SBP, and 2.70 (1.87 – 3.88) for elevated DBP. Overweight-obese and unfit schoolchildren showed a PR for high TC of 1.24 (1.11 – 1.39) and 1.51(1.11 – 2.04) for low HDL levels. In addition, they had a risk of 2.07 (1.60 – 2.69) for altered TG, 3.36 (2.31 – 4.60) for elevated SBP and 2.42 (1.76 – 3.32) for altered DBP.ConclusionBMI played a central role in the association with risk and CRF was shown to attenuate the association between risk factors and obesity. Overweight-obese children and adolescents had a higher cardiometabolic risk, but the effect size was larger among the unfit.     

Gingival recessions caused by Herpes Simplex Virus in a patient with COVID‐19 infection

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV‐1) is a very common infection often localized in the mucocutaneous junction of the lip. Rarely, it could be detected also in periodontal tissues, associated with an elevated risk of periodontal disease progression and gingival recessions. Recently, HSV‐1 and numerous co‐infections have been reported in literature associated with the Coronavirus and subsequent COVID‐19 disease. This report illustrates a case of HSV‐1 in a patient with Covid‐19 infection, showing the presence of ulcers and vesicles on the gingival margin of maxillary teeth associated with soreness and pain. The histology highlighted the presence of intraepithelial cell ballooning, confirming the diagnosis of HSV‐1 infection.     

The Effect of a 2-Year Intervention Consisting of Diet,Physical Exercise,Cognitive Training,and Monitoring of Vascular Risk on Chronic Morbidity—the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To verify whether a multidomain intervention lowers the risk of developing new chronic diseases in older adults.

Novel mutations of the BSCL2 and AGPAT2 genes in 10 families with Berardinelli–Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome

Context  Congenital generalized lipodystrophy, or Berardinelli–Seip syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in either the BSCL2 or AGPAT2 genes. This syndrome is characterized by an almost complete loss of adipose tissue usually diagnosed at birth or early infancy resulting in apparent muscle hypertrophy. Common clinical features are acanthosis nigricans, hepatomegaly with or without splenomegaly and high stature. Acromegaloid features, cardiomyopathy and mental retardation can also be present.
Design  We investigated 11 kindreds from different geographical areas of Brazil (northeast and southeast). All coding regions as well as flanking intronic regions of both genes were examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were performed using primers described previously and PCR products were sequenced directly.
Results  Four AGPAT2 and two BSCL2 families harboured the same set of mutations. BSCL2 gene mutations were found in the homozygous form in four kindreds (c.412C>T c.464T>C, c.518–519insA, IVS5-2A>G), and in two kindreds compound mutations were found (c.1363C>T, c.424A>G). In the other four families, one mutation of the AGPAT2 gene was found (IVS3-1G>C and c.299G>A).
Conclusions  We have demonstrated four novel mutations of the BSCL2 and AGPAT2 genes responsible for Berardinelli–Seip syndrome and Brunzell syndrome (AGPAT2-related syndrome).     

A single injection of pregabalin induces short- and long-term beneficial effects on fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats with experimental type-1 diabetes mellitus

Metabolic Brain Disease - Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are increasingly common comorbidities and the treatment is...     

HIV Sexual Risk and Syndemics among Women in Three Urban Areas in the United States: Analysis from HVTN 906

Limited data are available on the longitudinal occurrence of syndemic factors among women at risk for HIV infection in the USA and how these factors relate to sexual risk over time. HVTN 906 was a longitudinal study enrolling 799 HIV-uninfected women in three cities. Assessments were done at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months to assess syndemic factors (low education, low income, unemployment, lack of health insurance, housing instability, substance use, heavy alcohol use, partner violence, incarceration) and sexual risk outcomes. For each sexual risk outcome, a GEE model was fit with syndemic factors or syndemic score (defined as sum of binary syndemics, ranging from 0 to 9), visit, study site, age and race/ethnicity as predictors to examine the multivariable association between syndemic factors and outcomes over time. Odds of unprotected sex while drunk or high were significantly higher when women reported lack of health insurance, substance and heavy alcohol use and partner violence. Housing instability, substance and heavy alcohol use, partner violence and recent incarceration were associated with higher odds of having multiple sexual partners. Odds of sex exchange were significantly higher in the presence of unemployment, housing instability, low education, lack of health insurance, substance and heavy alcohol use, partner violence and incarceration. Housing instability, substance and heavy alcohol use, and partner violence were significantly associated with higher odds of unprotected anal sex. Odds of having a recent STI were significantly higher when women reported housing instability and partner violence. There were significantly higher odds of the reporting of any risk outcomes during follow-up with higher syndemic score. This study highlights a group of women experiencing multiple poor social and health outcomes who need to be the focus of comprehensive interventions.