赛庚啶对大鼠心肌细胞膜［~3H］－d－cis－硫氮卓酮结合部位的影响

苯并噻嗪类钙通道阻滞剂［３Ｈ］－ｄ－ｃｉｓ－硫氮酮能以一种特异和可饱和的方式与离体大鼠心肌细胞膜结合，其ＫＤ值和Ｂｍａｘ分别为８４ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和０．２７９ｐｍｏｌ·ｍｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－１。非标记的硫氮酮和赛庚啶均能完全抑制这种结合，其Ｋｉ值分别为１０２ｎｍｏｌＬ－１和５．５ｕｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。上述结果证实在大鼠心肌细胞膜上也存有［３Ｈ］－硫氮酮受体，同时还提示赛马庚啶对心肌细胞膜的钙通道阻滞作用可能与作用于心肌细胞膜［３Ｈ］硫氮酮受体有关。     

Age-related changes in cognitive ERPs of attenuation

Summary This investigation explored developmental changes in passive and effortful components of ERPs associated with a visual attention task in children, adolescents, and adults. The task was a go-go version of a continuous performance task, coupled with a passive attending phase in which the subjects merely watched the stimuli of the task. The three age groups featured a constellation of ERP components that shared the same general morphological appearance and distribution, but differences were seen with respect to latencies and amplitudes. Consistent with other studies, there was an inverse relationship with respect to age and peak latencies of the major passive and effortful components. With respect to peak amplitudes, however, the most impressive changes with age were observed in the passive processing components. For example, the P150 and P250 components presented greater amplitudes in children, whereas the N200 component presented its greatest amplitude in adults. While passive in the sense that their appearances were independent of the decision-making process, these components were found to be upwardly adjustable by effort. The late positive component was found to be a combination of a passive P350 and an effortful P450.The P350 component was judged to be largely passive in character as it was well developed in subjects of all age groups when passively attending to the visual stimuli. There was no marked amplitude difference between the child and adult P450 components, but the components peaked in amplitude later in the children. Finally, the children's ERPs featured a distinct frontal negativity (FN) that was present in the Passive phase, but greatly enhanced during the Effortful phase. This study, as have many others, showed that there are reliable developmental changes in the components of visual ERPs. Therefore, the characteristics of the various components of cognitive ERPs may be effective markers of neurodevelopmental status, especially of those neuronal systems vital to attentional processing and effort regulation.This research was supported, in part, by NASA #NAG9-413 and by Neuromedical Technologies, Inc. The fine EEG technical support of Ms. Shelley Sutter is appreciated, as well as the editorial comments of Ms. Pamela Leitzell.     

钙离子对胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ促进颗粒细胞分泌雌孕激素的影响

0 引言 胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)可促进人卵巢颗粒细胞分泌雌、孕激素,并促进卵子发育[1,2],是卵巢内重要的局部调节因子之一.但有关IGF-Ⅰ与颗粒细胞膜特异性受体结合后如何发挥作用,研究报道不多;是否与钙离子(Ca2+)有关,尚不清楚.我们通过改变培养液中Ca2+浓度,观察Ca2+在IGF-Ⅰ促进人卵巢颗粒细胞分泌雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)中的作用,以探讨IGF-Ⅰ的受体后作用机制.     

Electrophysiological analysis of the hippocampal-septal projections: II. Functional characteristics

Summary 1. The septum and dorsal hippocampus were exposed in rats by the ablation of the overlying cortex and corpus callosum. The hippocampal efferent system, fornix and fimbria, were stimulated with either single or paired shocks and field potentials, extra- and intra-cellular unitary potentials were recorded in the lateral septal nucleus. 2. The double-shock pairing within the same hippocampal system resulted in facilitation of the monosynaptic test field response. 3. Pairing across systems resulted in long-term suppressions of the mono-synaptic test field response. 4. IPSPs and lack of convergence of excitatory input are responsible for the long-term suppression. 5. It is suggested that the IPSPs are mediated via interneurons, and that some of which at least are activated recurrently. 6. Hippocampal stimulation suppresses the amygdaloid evoked field response for very long periods, often beyond 1000 msec.This study was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grants RR 5384 and NB 00405.     

Fusion of multislice computed tomography and electroanatomical mapping data for 3D navigation of left and right atrial catheter ablation

Purpose

To assess whether fusion of multislice computed tomography (CT) images with electroanatomical (EA)-mapping data using a new image integration module (CartoMerge™) is feasible and accurate to navigate ablation catheters in right and left atrial catheter ablation.

Material and methods

Twenty-four patients were examined with ECG-gated cardiac multislice CT (64 mm × 0.6 mm, 0.33 s) 1 day before left atrial (LA) (15 patients) radiofrequency or right atrial cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (9 patients). CT data were fused with the non-fluoroscopic EA-mapping data by using dedicated software (CartoMerge™) and the value of CT was analysed.

Results

In 23/24 (96%) patients, CT images could be fused with the EA-map. The alignment error was 2.16 ± 0.35 mm. In 15/15 (100%) patients, CT added relevant anatomical information regarding the course of the esophagus or the pulmonary veins before LA-ablation. CT added useful information in only 3/8 (37.5%) of patients undergoing right atrial cavotricuspid isthmus ablation.

Conclusion

3D-navigation of RF-ablation catheters in the atria assisted by image fusion of multislice CT with EA-mapping data is feasible and accurate. CT added relevant anatomical information about the left atrium and the pulmonary veins before LA-ablation, CT also provided information about the course of the esophagus which might help to avoid thermal injury. CT image fusion might be of minor value before right atrial cavotricuspid isthmus catheter ablation.     

Characterizing Cardiac Catheterization Utilization in a US Population with Commercial or Medicare Advantage Health Plans

BackgroundHealth plans and health systems need to understand the demand for common healthcare services to ensure adequate access to care. Utilization of cardiac catheterization is of particular interest, because it is relatively common and has the potential for variation across subpopulations, similar to the level of geographical variation in heart disease in the United States.ObjectivesTo illustrate how the utilization of cardiac catheterization has changed over time in a US population with commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans, and how it differs between subpopulations.MethodsCardiac catheterization claims data from 2012 to 2018 were extracted from the database of a national healthcare organization offering commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans. Contemporaneous health plan enrollment data and government data were used to determine the patients'' characteristics. Annual catheterizations per 1000 patients for the population as a whole and for subpopulations were determined using claims data. Spearman''s rank-order correlation was used to assess the monotonicity of trends. Catheterization utilization for each subpopulation was compared with that of the population average. A second, patient-level analysis was used to determine the factors predictive of patients'' catheterization utilization in 2018.ResultsAcross the overall population, the rate of cardiac catheterization was stable from 2012 to 2018. An adjusted analysis of 2018 data showed that catheterization utilization was significantly associated with older age, male sex, residence in a rural zip code, residence in a lower-income zip code, and residence in a state with a high obesity rate. The trendlines of the relative utilization of catheterization in subpopulations over time revealed similar patterns.ConclusionMarked differences were observed in the rates of cardiac catheterization utilization between the subpopulations in our study. Overall, these data show a direct correlation between geographic residence, obesity level, wealth, and the rate of cardiac catheterization utilization. To ensure adequate access to care, health plans and health systems should explore the implications of disproportionately high demand for cardiac catheterization in populations from lower-income areas, higher obesity rate states, rural patients, and older patients.     

建立胫骨癌痛模型的理论与实践

目的:骨癌痛动物模型已有报道,但还没有可接受的与人类骨癌痛相一致的模型。综述胫骨癌痛模型的研究进展及相关治疗前景。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1996-01/2006-03相关胫骨、癌痛和治疗的文献,检索词“tibial,cancerpain,therapy”,并限定文献语言种类为English。同时检索万方数据库1996-01/2006-05文献,检索词为“胫骨癌痛”,并限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括胫骨、癌痛和治疗的文献,开始查找全文。纳入标准:①胫骨和癌痛。②癌痛和治疗。排除标准:综述文献、重复研究、Meta分析类文章。资料提炼:共收集到51篇关于胫骨、癌痛和治疗的文献,纳入30篇关于胫骨和癌痛,癌痛和治疗的文献。资料综合:①目前认为,胫骨癌痛动物模型的疼痛表现与临床上所见的骨转移症状相似,可视为转移性骨癌痛模型。②恶性肿瘤骨损害的特征性变化是溶骨性骨吸收和恶性肿瘤疼痛本身,随骨质破坏的加剧,疼痛逐渐增强,移动或轻触可以引发急性痛,在到达极度痛之前,常因运动、负重或自发地间断发生突破痛,其发生的程度和频率与骨质破坏和溶骨活性成正相关。③目前从胫骨癌痛的实验研究中发现可供选择的药物主要有阿片类药、5-羟色胺受体阻断剂、抗惊厥药物加巴喷丁、环氧化酶2抑制剂表皮生长因子阻断剂。结论:利用动物胫骨癌痛模型来研究人类骨癌痛是可行的,但其研究有待进一步深入。从胫骨癌痛的实验研究中发现有许多药物可供选择,这展示了药物治疗骨癌痛的应用前景。