小儿手烧伤瘢痕畸形的整形外科治疗

Background: Cicatricial deformation in child burn of hand often leads to severe squaelae. According to different causes of disease , different plastic surgery were adopted .The key of operation lies in skin repairing , articulation dealing, and thumb correcting, which aim is to resume normal longitudinal and transverse arcs ,holding and clenching ability.     

Altered responsiveness to stress and NMDA following prenatal exposure to cocaine

Pregnant Sprague--Dawley rats were treated once daily with 40-mg/kg cocaine or saline from gestation days (GD) 12 to 21. A third group of pregnant dams was used as a pairfed control. Male and female offspring were examined for stress endurance response as determined by the cold-water swim test on postnatal days (PND) 21, 30, 40, and 60. Male and female offspring exposed to cocaine in utero were found to have diminished tolerance and altered hormonal response to stress. Moreover, prenatal cocaine exposure has been associated with significant increases in severity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 35 mg/kg) behavioral responses (tail twitches, wetdog shaking, and convulsion) as compared to control. Examining the experimental groups for pain sensitivity using the tail-flick and the hot-plate methods indicated that prenatal cocaine exposure altered pain sensitivity. NMDA receptor binding studies showed an increase in receptor density in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the cocaine-treated group. These results indicate that gestational cocaine exposure is associated with long-term alterations in response to stress, NMDA receptor, and pain sensitivity in the rat offspring.     

人核迁移蛋C刺激人造血干细胞增殖分化为巨核细胞研究

目的:研究人核迁移蛋C(hNUDC)促进人脐血来源的CD34 细胞增殖、分化为巨核细胞的作用.方法:使用Dynal CD34体外分离系统收集人脐血CD34 细胞, 无血清甲基纤维素半固体法体外培养CD34 细胞12 d后, 显微镜下观察hNUDC对CD34 细胞分化增殖为小、中、大巨核细胞集落的形态、数目的影响;无血清液体培养体系培养CD34 细胞10 d后, 流式细胞术检测hNUDC对CD34 细胞分化增殖为CD41 细胞的表达率及其DNA倍性的影响.结果:hNUDC能够明显促进CD34 细胞分化增殖形成中小型CFU-MK集落, 可显著增加巨核细胞表面标志物CD41 的表达, CD41 细胞中DNA倍性显著地高于血小板生成素.结论:hNUDC对促进造血干细胞增殖和分化为巨核细胞具有重要作用.     

氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

单肺移植手术前后的供体肺保护

目的 探讨肺移植手术前后供体肺保护的处理经验.方法 回顾性分析了2003年1月至2006年8月本院施行的同种异体单肺移植手术9例,其中左侧3例,右侧6例.冷低钾肺保护液灌注移植肺,术后三联免疫抑制剂抗排斥,并分析术后的胸片评分、氧合指数及肺动脉压变化情况.结果 供体肺缺血时间平均为(308.6±50.8)min.8例患者均成功脱离呼吸机并存活过围手术期(＞30 d),术后拔除气管插管时间平均(4.8±3.4)d,1例未能脱机并在术后22 d死亡.结论 肺保护需要在多个环节中加以控制,不同时期的保护侧重点不同.     

A blood-borne antigen induces rapid T-B cell contact: a potential mechanism for tolerance induction

Understanding the difference between the development of a productive T‐cell response and tolerance is central to discerning how the immune system functions. Intravenous injection of soluble protein is thought to mimic the presentation of self‐serum and orally introduced antigens. It is generally toleragenic. The current view is that this outcome reflects the failure of ‘immunogenic’ dendritic cells to relocate to the T‐cell zone of the secondary lymphoid tissues. Here, using a peptide/I‐E^k tetramer and antibodies to stain splenic sections, we showed that antigen‐specific T cells were activated in the spleen within hours of injection or feeding of protein. The activated T cells were found to be located at the T–B junction, the bridging zone and the B‐cell area, interacting directly with B cells. In addition, B cells gain the ability to present antigen. Our results suggest a way for T cells to be stimulated by blood‐borne antigen presented by naïve B cells, a potential mechanism of tolerance induction.     

Some early events in the primary mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes differ from later interleukin stimulation and other quiescence to growth activation systems.

The requirement for activity of the enzyme ADP-ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) and changes in single-strand DNA breaks were assessed during the initial stimulation of quiescent murine splenic lymphocytes with mitogen alone, the stimulation of activated blasts with IL-2-containing medium and, for comparison, the serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts and the induction of haemoglobin synthesis in an erythromyeloid cell line K562. Inhibitors of ADPRT, at concentrations previously found to have no effect on the proliferation of lymphoblastoid cell lines, blocked the stimulation of spleen cells by Con A or LPS; non-inhibitory analogues had much less effect. No early increase in ADPRT activity after mitogenic stimulation was detectable. The rejoining of single-strand breaks was observed after stimulation of splenic lymphocytes with Con A, but not consistently with LPS. Conversely, ADPRT inhibitors had only little effect on the IL-2-induced stimulation of Con A blasts, and no effect on the stimulation of fibroblasts or K562. Neither were any changes in strand breaks associated with these systems. These findings implicate ADPRT activity and the rejoining of strand breaks in the early mitogenic response as being distinct from later IL-2 activation and changes from quiescence to growth in other cell types.     

骨髓源间充质干细胞在异基因小鼠免疫器官内的分布及其免疫功能调节作用

目的：探讨骨髓源间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，BMSC)在异基因小鼠免疫器官内的分布及其免疫调节作用。方法：以CM-Dil荧光染料示踪BMSC的体内分布情况，并辅以PCR检测Y染色体的方法进一步鉴定；体外实验采用MTT法、ELISA和FACS等方法检测BMSC的免疫调节作用。结果：BMSC可进入并较长期(30天)存在于异基因小鼠免疫器官内；在体外，BALB／C小鼠的BMSC对由ConA诱导的BALB／C和C57BL／6(B6)和BXSB小鼠的T细胞增殖均有抑制作用；而对前两种小鼠由12S诱导的B细胞增殖和分泌k方面表现为促进作用，对BXSB小鼠由IPS诱导的B细胞增殖和k分泌有抑制作用。BALB／C小鼠的BMSC对BALB／C和B6小鼠由ConA诱导的IL-4生成细胞的数量无明显影响，却可降低由ConA诱导的两种品系小鼠的IFN-γ生成细胞的数量；但对于BXSB小鼠却不同，BALB／C的BMSC可降低由ConA诱导的BXSB小鼠的IL-4生成细胞的数量，而提高由ConA诱导的IFN-γ生成细胞的数量。结论：异基因BMSC不但可进入受体的免疫器官，且可较长期(30天)存在；另外，BMSC对同基因正常、异基因正常和异基因自身免疫病的个体均有一定程度的免疫调节作用。     

The human Y chromosome.

Despite its central role in sex determination, genetic analysis of the Y chromosome has been slow. This poor progress has been due to the paucity of available genetic markers. Whereas the X chromosome is known to include at least 100 functional genetic loci, only three or four loci have been ascribed to the Y chromosome and even the existence of several of these loci is controversial. Other factors limiting genetic analysis are the small size of the Y chromosome, which makes cytogenetic definition difficult, and the absence of extensive recombination. Based on cytogenetic observation and speculation, a working model of the Y chromosome has been proposed. In this classical model the Y chromosome is defined into subregions; an X-Y homologous meiotic pairing region encompassing most of the Y chromosome short arm and, perhaps, including a pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosome exchange; a pericentric region containing the sex determining gene or genes; and a long arm heterochromatic genetically inert region. The classical model has been supported by studies on the MIC2 loci, which encode a cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. The X linked locus MIC2X, which escapes X inactivation, maps to the tip of the X chromosome short arm and the homologous locus MIC2Y maps to the Y chromosome short arm; in both cases, these loci are within the proposed meiotic pairing region. MIC2Y is the first biochemically defined, expressed locus to be found on the human Y chromosome. The proposed simplicity of the classical model has been challenged by recent molecular analysis of the Y chromosome. Using cloned probes, several groups have shown that a major part of the Y chromosome short arm is unlikely to be homologous to the X chromosome short arm. A substantial block of sequences of the short arm are homologous to sequences of the X chromosome long arm but well outside the pairing region. In addition, the short arm contains sequences shared with the Y chromosome long arm and sequences shared with autosomes. About two-thirds of XX males contain detectable Y derived sequences. As the amount of Y sequences present varies in different XX males, DNA from these subjects can be used to construct a map of the region around the sex determining gene. Assuming that XX males are usually caused by simple translocation, the sex determining genes cannot be located in the pericentric region. Although conventional genetic analysis of the Y chromosome is difficult, this chromosome is particularly suited to molecular analysis. Paradoxically, the Y chromosome may soon become the best defined human chromosome at the molecular level and may become the model for other chromosomes.