Long term psychosocial outcomes after mild head injury in early childhood

OBJECTIVES: The question of whether any adverse cognitive or psychosocial outcomes occur after mild head injury in early childhood has evoked considerable controversy. This study examined mild head injury before age 10 and potential differences in late childhood/early adolescence as a function of severity of mild injury and age at injury. METHODS: A fully prospective longitudinal design tracked a large birth cohort of children. Confirmed cases of mild head injury before age 10 were divided on the basis of outpatient medical attention (n=64-84) or inpatient observation (hospital overnight; n=26-28 ) and compared with the non-injured remainder of the cohort (reference group; n=613-807). A range of pre-injury and post-injury child and family characteristics were used to control for any potential confounds. Outcome after injury before and after age 5 was also assessed. RESULTS: After accounting for several demographic, family, and pre-injury characteristics, the inpatient but not the outpatient group displayed increased hyperactivity/inattention and conduct disorder between ages 10 to 13, as rated by both mothers and teachers. Psychosocial deficits were more prevalent in the inpatient subgroup injured before age 5. No clear effects were evident for various cognitive/academic measures, irrespective of severity of mild injury or age at injury. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of mild head injury in young children do not produce any adverse effects, but long term problems in psychosocial function are possible in more severe cases, perhaps especially when this event occurs during the preschool years. The view that all mild head injuries in children are benign events requires revision and more objective measures are required to identify cases at risk.     

HPLC法测定鼻渊灵冲剂中黄芩苷含量

目的 :建立了高效液相色谱法测定鼻渊灵冲剂中黄芩苷含量的方法。方法 :样品水溶液经聚酰胺柱层析初步分离后 ,用高效液相色谱法测定。色谱条件 :ShimpackCLC -ODSC18柱 ( 6.0 × 1 50mm) ,以甲醇 -水 -磷酸 ( 53∶4 7∶0 .2 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 76nm。结果 :线性范围 0 .0 8～ 0 .4 0 μg ,平均回收率为 95.93 % ,RSD =1 .1 2 % (n =5)。结论 :本法简便 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌C光动力效应诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡

目的：研究新型光敏剂磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基酞菁锌Ｃ光动力效应诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,探索其光动力杀伤机理,方法：用ＡＯ／ＥＢ荧光染色法,流式细胞仪及电子显微镜观察该光敏剂光动力效应与人白血病Ｋ５６２细胞形态,超微结构及ＤＮＡ含量的影响,结果：药物作用２ｈ,以红外照射后继续培养３ｈ以上,就可出现明显的细胞凋亡特性征改变。结论：新型光敏剂磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌Ｃ光动力杀伤作用与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关     

短刺虎刺素的结构更正及其合成

短刺虎刺素的结构文献曾报道为1-甲氧基-2-羟基-3-乙氧甲基蒽醌(1)⁽²⁾。作者以邻苯二甲酸酐和2,3-二羟基甲苯或2.6-二羟基甲苯经环合、选择性乙酰化、甲基化、溴化、乙醇钠缩合分别合成了1和1-甲氧基-2-乙氧甲基-3-羟基蒽醌(5)。经对照后证实,短刺虎刺素的结构应更正为5,即虎刺素-ω-乙基醚。     

Abstracts of selected papers from the 1st ISOQOL Pan-Pacific Conference, Tokyo, Japan, April 13–15 2001

Abstract List

Abstracts of selected papers from the 1st ISOQOL Pan-Pacific Conference, Tokyo, Japan, April 13–15 2001     

Infant feeding, wheezing, and allergy: a prospective study

The determinants of wheezing and allergy were investigated in 453 children with a family history of allergic disease. A randomised controlled trial examined the effects of withholding cows' milk protein during the first three months of life and replacing cows' milk with soya milk. The children were followed up to the age of 7 years. Withholding cows' milk did not reduce the incidence of allergy or wheezing. Children who had ever been breast fed had a lower incidence of wheeze than those who had not (59% and 74% respectively). The effect persisted to age 7 years in the non-atopics only, the risk of wheeze being halved in the breast fed children after allowing for employment status, sex passive smoking, and overcrowding. Allergic disease was not associated with exposure to tobacco smoke, house dust mite antigen, or cats. Breast feeding may confer long term protection against respiratory infection.     

A study of the fasciocutaneous vascularisation of the arm surgical applications

Summary The data on the fasciocutaneous vascularisation of the medial aspect of the arm are incomplete in the literature. This study presents the methodology and results of an anatomic study on 19 upper limbs with arterial injection. The vascularisation of the upper part of this region is provided in 68% of cases by the superficial fasciocutaneous branch (SFCB) of the superior ulnar collateral artery (SUC), that of the middle and lower part by 3–4 fasciocutaneous pedicles originating from the SUC which are prolonged distally by the recurrent posterior ulnar artery. The SFCB has important relations with the ulnar nerve; it travels dorsal to the nerve in 64% of cases and then allows the raising of a distally-pedicled ulnar flap with a 3 : 1 ratio. In other anatomic configurations, a flap with retrograde flow supplied by the inferior pedicles of the SUC can always be raised. Its ratio is then 2 : 1. this flap allows coverage of all cases of posterior or anterior losses of substance at the elbow. These results supplement the data required for the raising of a distally-pedicled medial brachial flap. but also of a proximally-pedicled superior medial brachial flap and of a free superior medial brachial flap transposed by microsurgical means.

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Etude de la vascularisation fasciocutanée de la face médiale du bras. Applications chirurgicales

Résumé Les connaissances sur la vascularisation fascio-cutanée de la face médiale du bras sont incomplètes dans la littérature. Cette étude présente la méthodologie et les résultats d'une étude anatomique sur 19 membres thoraciques avec injection artérielle. La vascularisation de la partie supérieure de cette région est assurée dans 68% des cas par la branche superficielle fasciocutanée (BSFC) de l'a. collatérale ulnaire supérieure (CUS), celle des parties moyenne et inférieure par 3 ou 4 pédicules fascio-cutanés issus de la CUS, qui se prolongent distalement par le rameau postérieur de l'a. récurrente ulnaire. La BSFC contracte des rapports importants avec le n. ulnaire, elle passe à la face dorsale du nerf dans 64% des cas et permet alors la levée d'un lambeau ulnaire à pédicule distal de ratio 3 sur 1. Dans les autres configurations anatomiques, un lambeau à flux rétrograde vascularisé par les pédicules inférieurs de la CUS est toujours prélevable. Son ratio est alors de 2 sur 1. Ce lambeau permet dans tous les cas la couverture de pertes de substance postérieures ou antérieures du coude. Ces résultats permettent de compléter les connaissances nécessaires à la levée du lambeau brachial médial à pédicule distal, mais aussi du lambeau brachial médial supérieur à pédicule proximal et du lambeau libre brachial médial supérieur transposé par méthode microchirurgicale.

     

V̇ max and nutritional status in Urban Colombian girls and women

Maximal oxygen consumption (V? max, liters min^?1) was measured in 60 nutritionally normal and 74 marginally undernourished girls 6–16 years of age and 27 upper socioeconomic (UEC) women and 22 women living in economically deprived conditions (LEC) in Cali, Colombia. All girls were recruited from the LEC neighborhoods. Lower values for V? max (liters min^?1) in undernourished girls were replaced by a nutritionally normal status in adulthood in which V? max was not significantly different from that measured in UEC women. Physical condition varied from average to fair in the younger to older subjects compared to women from industrialized countries. When V? max is expressed as ml min^?1 kg^?1 of lean body mass (LBM), all age and group effects disappear, confirming regression analysis which demonstrated a close relationship (r² = 0.81) between V? max (liters min^?1) and LBM in which there were no significant differences between nutritional or socioeconomic groups. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Diet,commensal microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles,and host immunity

The gut microbiota has co-evolved with its host, and commensal bacteria can influence both the host's immune development and function. Recently, a role has emerged for bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as potent immune modulators. BEVs are nanosized membrane vesicles produced by all bacteria, possessing the membrane characteristics of the originating bacterium and carrying an internal cargo that may include nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Thus, BEVs possess multiple avenues for regulating immune processes, and have been implicated in allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. BEVs are biodistributed locally in the gut, and also systemically, and thus have the potential to affect both the local and systemic immune responses. The production of gut microbiota-derived BEVs is regulated by host factors such as diet and antibiotic usage. Specifically, all aspects of nutrition, including macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and food additives (the antimicrobial sodium benzoate), can regulate BEV production. This review summarizes current knowledge of the powerful links between nutrition, antibiotics, gut microbiota-derived BEV, and their effects on immunity and disease development. It highlights the potential of targeting or utilizing gut microbiota-derived BEV as a therapeutic intervention.