A digest of the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for Nephrotic Syndrome 2020

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology -     

The N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) suppresses enfturane-induced opisthotonus in mice

We determined whether enflurane-induced opisthotonus in ddN mice is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor using NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine. Animals were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.2ml saline (control), 2.5 or 5.0mg·kg^–1 dizocilpine in saline, or 20 or 40mg·kg^–1 ketamine is saline 20min prior to exposure to 2.0% enflurane. Incidence of opisthotonus measured during exposure to enflurane for 20min was 49% (n = 51) in saline (control) group, 6.7 (P 0.01 vs control, n = 30) and 15.0% (P 0.01, n = 40) in 2.5 and 5.0mg·kg^–1 dizocilpine group, respectively, and 43.9 (NS, n = 41) and 40.0% (NS, n = 40) in 20 and 40mg·kg^–1 ketamine group, respectively. These results strongly suggest that enflurane-induced opisthotonus is mediated by NMDA receptor. Ketamine failed to suppress significantly due to possibly small dosages. Further, dizocilpine itself produced severe seizures during preenflurane period (30.0 and 40.0% in 2.5 and 5.0mg·kg^–1, respectively), which may be a novel finding.(Komatsu H, Nogaya J, Anabuki D, et al.: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) suppresses enflurane-induced opisthotonus in mice. J Anesth 7: 519–522, 1993)     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术治疗高度近视疗效分析

目的:观察准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(LASIK)治疗高度近视的疗效.方法:采用LASIK治疗高度近视眼(平均-11.2±1.86D)195只,术后第1,6,12个月随访观察.结果:术后第1,6,12个月裸眼视力达到0.5和1.0者分别为84.1%,79.0%,74.9%和61.0%,57.9%,55.9%;术后第1,6,12个月屈光度在预测矫正度±0.50D和±1.0D者分别是68.7%,63.1%,61.5%和79.0%,75.9%和74.9%.结论:LASIK治疗高度近视有较好的效果,手术中并发症与术者手术技巧有关.     

Comprehensive genetic screening for vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome through an amplification-based next-generation sequencing system

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder (HCTD) characterized by arterial dissection/aneurysm/rupture, sigmoid colon rupture, or uterine rupture. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting heterozygous variants in COL3A1. This is the largest Asian case series and the first to apply an amplification-based next-generation sequencing through custom panels of causative genes for HCTDs, including a specific method of evaluating copy number variations. Among 429 patients with suspected HCTDs analyzed, 101 were suspected to have vEDS, and 33 of them (32.4%) were found to have COL3A1 variants. Two patients with a clinical diagnosis of Loeys–Dietz syndrome and/or familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection were also found to have COL3A1 variants. Twenty cases (57.1%) had missense variants leading to glycine (Gly) substitutions in the triple helical domain, one (2.9%) had a missense variant leading to non-Gly substitution in this domain, eight (22.9%) had splice site alterations, three (8.6%) had nonsense variants, two (5.7%) had in-frame deletions, and one (2.9%) had a multi-exon deletion, including two deceased patients analyzed with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. This is a clinically useful system to detect a wide spectrum of variants from various types of samples.     

1981-1993年杭州口岸航空食品卫生细菌检测分析

本文报导了自1981年-1993年对杭州→香港中国民航航班及港龙航空公司航班,九大类供机食品卫生监督检验结果及分析.按不同年份,各类食品,不同检验项目以及不同航空公司配餐食品卫生质量分别作了比较.共检供机食品969份,合格535份,不合格434份,总合格率为55.21%.不同食品的合格率比较,合格率最高的是糕点为75.22%,其次为面饭为74.32%,合格率最低的是色拉为11.11%.     

Evaluation of a compressive-type skeletal muscle pump for cardiac assistance

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have focused on using the latissimus dorsi muscle for cardiac assistance. Although cardiomyoplasty has been applied clinically, other procedures remain experimental, but promising, modes of cardiac assistance. We assessed the latissimus dorsi muscle as an in situ energy source for circulatory assist devices. METHODS: We developed a pneumatic chamber as a compressive-type muscle actuator. The chamber was implanted under the latissimus dorsi muscle and converted contractile power into pneumatic pressure. The effect of chamber position and size and the influence on muscle blood flow were examined. After muscle conditioning, the pump performance of a circulatory assist device driven by the chamber was evaluated. RESULTS: The chamber functioned better when placed in the proximal position of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The size affected the generated pneumatic pressure, and the higher resting pressure of the chamber reduced the muscle blood flow. The maximum stroke work of the circulatory assist device was greater than that of the right ventricle but less than that of the left ventricle. The chamber could drive the circulatory assist device against the systemic range of afterload in which a high preload was available. Long-term adhesion surrounding the chamber reduced the pressure generation capability. CONCLUSIONS: The compressive-type muscle actuator using the latissimus dorsi muscle generated acceptable hemodynamic work for right ventricular bypass or aortic counterpulsation.     

对我国卫生资源配置和使用几个深层次问题的思索

我国卫生资源既分管又浪费成为业内人士的共识,但它又是一个困扰我国卫生事业发展的实际而又紧迫的问题,这个问题解决不了,就会降低我国卫生资源的使用效率。作者认为：要使我国有限的卫生资源以充分而合理地使用好,就要立足于我国的基本国情,在确保市场的微观调节的前提下,必须运用政府的宏观调控行为和政策指导手段,尽可能为管理体制的改革扫除障碍,同时在卫生资源的配置问题上引入法制机制。     

Immunological comparison between prostate-specific antigen and γ-seminoprotein

Summary Prostate-specific antigen (PA) and -seminoprotein (-Sm) were compared by immunocytochemical, immunodiffusion and immunoblotting methods using rabbit anti-PA antibody and rabbit anti--Sm antibody. Enzyme immunoassys (EIAs) were developed for measurements of PA and -Sm to determine a correlation between serum PA and -Sm levels in patients with prostate cancer. The patterns of localization and distribution of PA and -Sm were identical in prostate tissue sections, including benign and cancerous human prostacs. The immunodiffusion study showed that the antigens with which anti-PA antibody and anti--Sm antibody reacted in seminal plasma and prostate tissue homogenates were identical to each other. In the immunoblotting study, anti-PA antibody and anti--Sm antibody recognized a single antigen corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 33,000 both in seminal plasma and prostate tissue homogenates. The EIAs developed in this study were sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and the correlation between serum PA and -Sm values determined by these EIAs was highly significant (r=0.99, P(0.001). These results indicated that PA and -Sm were immunologically identical and that serum PA and -Sm determined by immunoassays using anti-PA antibody and anti--Sm antibody should be evaluated as identical tumor markers for serodiagnosis of prostate cancer.     

叠氮钠对SH—SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤细胞线粒体跨膜电位 …

目的 观察线粒体呼吸链复合体ＩＶ（即细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶）抑制剂叠氮钠（ＮａＮ３）对人神经母细胞瘤细胞能量代身的影响,探讨线粒体缺陷在神经退行性疾病发病中的作用。方法 将叠氮钠与培养的人神经母细胞瘤细胞系ＳＨ－ＳＹ５Ｙ细胞共同孵育,用微测量法测定线粒体复合体ＩＶ活性,噻唑兰（ＭＴＴ）法测定细胞存活率,激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪检测线粒体跨膜电位变化。结果 １６￣６４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ叠氮钠与培养的ＳＨ－Ｓ