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To Label or Not to Label: California Prepares to Vote on Genetically Engineered Foods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard Dahl 《Environmental health perspectives》2012,120(9):a358-a361
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An interview‐based study of nonattendance at screening for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in older women: Nonattendees’ perspectives
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The chronic (2-yr) inhalation toxicity of 1,3-butadiene (BD), a chemical used in large quantities to make rubber and plastics, differs greatly between mice and rats. Mice develop lung tumors after exposures to concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm, whereas rats develop mammary tumors only after exposures to 1000-8000 ppm BD. Extensive research has been carried out to determine where humans fit into this susceptibility range. Species differences in rates of metabolism of BD have been noted, but inconsistencies in metabolism data from different laboratories and some problems in the fit of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with experimental data have left uncertainties. The experiments reported here are intended to clarify the issue of human metabolism of BD and to determine if metabolism of BD in cynomolgus monkeys is similar enough to metabolism in humans to use in vivo data from monkeys for PBPK modeling. The results indicate that for the reactions studied (oxidation of BD to the mono- and diepoxide), BD is metabolized substantially the same in monkey and human hepatic microsomes. The human metabolism data agreed with that reported earlier when the in vitro metabolism of BD was studied at low BD concentrations. Finally, BD at high concentrations was found to inhibit the further oxidation of its metabolite, the monoepoxide. Incorporation of this information on the competition between BD and its first oxidation product for CYP2E1 should improve the fit of PBPK models. 相似文献
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Shulin Wu Sharron X. Lin Gregory J. Wirth Min Lu Jian Lu Alexander O. Subtelny Zongwei Wang Douglas M. Dahl Aria F. Olumi Chin-Lee Wu 《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2019,17(1):e44-e52
Objective
To assess the impact of focality and location of positive surgical margins (PSM) on long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa), including biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis and overall mortality.Patients and Methods
From a total of 2796 cases of RP between 1993 and 2007 in our single hospital, 476 cases with PSMs were identified and included in this study. PSM location was categorized into apex, peripheral, and bladder neck. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the impact of PSM focality and location status on oncologic survival.Results
Of these 476 cases with PSMs, 335 (70.4%) cases were with single focal (sF) PSMs and 141 (29.6%) cases were with multifocal (mF) PSMs. Furthermore, 406 (85.3%) cases were found to have single location (sL) PSMs, and 70 (14.7%) cases were with multilocation (mL) PSMs. The median follow-up was 12.9 years. mF-PSMs and mL-PSMs showed significant impact on increased BCR risk on univariate analysis, and mL-PSMs remained significant on multivariate analysis (P = .048). Furthermore, the combination of multifocality and multilocation showed added prognostic value on predicting BCR-free survival, but not on metastasis-free survival or overall survival.Conclusion
The presence of mF-PSMs and mL-PSMs, and especially the combination of both, demonstrated significant impact on BCR prognosis. Patients with apex sLsF-PSMs were less likely to have BCR when compared with all those with non-apex sLsF-PSMs. These results should be considered when evaluating patients for adjuvant therapy. 相似文献97.
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