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Purpose:?In this study we assessed whether balance confidence scores changed over a 2-year follow up period, and identified predictors of balance confidence and predictors of change in balance confidence among lower limb amputees.Method:?A prospective follow-up survey of 245 community living adults with unilateral below and above knee lower limb amputation who used their prosthetic limb daily was conducted. Balance confidence, assessed using the 16-item Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, socio-demographic, health and amputation related variables were collected at baseline and 2 years later.Results:?ABC scores were similar at baseline (mean?= 67.6; SD?=?25.7) and follow up (mean?=?68.0; SD?=?25.8). Lower balance confidence scores at follow up were predicted by older age, being female, use of a mobility device, poor perceived health, increased symptoms of depression, having to concentrate while walking, and fear of falling (all p?<?0.05). Predictors of change in balance confidence included gender and perceived health (all p?<?0.05).Conclusion:?Balance confidence appears to be a persistent problem in the amputee population. Health professionals are encouraged to consider balance confidence as a potentially important variable that may influence function in this clinically unique group of individuals. The identified predictor variables may be useful to clinicians in targeting individuals who require attention to improve balance confidence. 相似文献
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Mohammed M. Dar AB Zeinab Abdel-Wahab PhD Carol E. Vervaert MT Tim Darrow PhD Jack Barber PhD Dr. H. F. Seigler MD 《Annals of surgical oncology》1996,3(3):247-254
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of gene-modified tumor cells for immunotherapy. Using the tumorigenic murine
fibrosarcoma, MCA 106, we investigated the effects of localized interferon-γ (IFNg) secretion on tumorigenicity and on long-term memory.
Methods: The murine IFNg (MuIFNg) gene was introduced into tumor cells. High and low IFNg-secreting clones were isolated. C57BL/6
mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with either parental (P), high or low IFNg-secreting (H- or L-IFNg) cells, and tumor
growth was assessed weekly. Spleens were harvested on different days postinjection (p.i.) to assess in vitro cytolytic activity.
In parallel, tissues from injection sites were stained with macrophage-, CD4-, and CD8-detecting antibodies. Mice were injected
s.c. with H-IFNg MCA106 tumor. After 150 days the animals were rechallenged s.c. with MCA106P in one leg and with irrelevant
syngeneic tumor in the other.
Results: Both P- and L-IFNg cells had similar growth, whereas the H-IFNg cells never grew. Only splenocytes from the H-IFNg animals
showed in vitro CTL activity persisting until day 30 p.i. Histological data revealed a macrophage and CD4+ infiltrate much earlier in the H-IFNg group compared with the P group. Only the irrelevant, syngeneic tumor grew in animals
previously injected with H-IFNg cells, whereas both P and irrelevant syngeneic tumors grew in controls.
Conclusions: Transduction of MCA106 cells with the MuIFNg gene diminished in vivo tumorigenicity in proportion to the amount of IFNg secreted.
Immunization with H-IFNg cells elicited a host response characterized by macrophages and CD4+ cells. Long-term tumor-specific memory was seen after immunization with H-IFNg cells. 相似文献
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87.
Dr. H. Schapiro PhD L. D. Wruble MD L. G. Britt MD T. A. Bell AB 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1970,15(6):529-537
In 13 dogs with gastric cannulas the acid output per hour was determined after: (a) subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg histamine (base), (b) subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg histamine (base), (c) teasing with meat (10 min interval), (d) intravenous injection of 1.0 units/kg of insulin. The pepsin concentration was also determined after the intravenous injection of 1.0 units/kg of insulin. The range and average acid output and pepsin concentration were established for each test condition per dog. Vision was compromised in the dogs by ablation of the orbits, collapse of the orbits, and by occipital cortical lesions. Gastric secretory studies were repeated at intervals over a 4 month period. There was marked inhibition of acid output and pepsin concentration in all dogs for the entire 4 month period to all gastric stimuli.Acknowledgment is made to medical students Alan C. Leshnower, Dennis G. Westmoreland and John M. Eisenberg; to Jan Rubion, University of Tennessee Clinical Research Center, for the pepsin determinations; to Robert H. Murray, Surgical Research Laboratories, VA Hospital, Memphis, Tenn; to Lena Haney for histologic preparations; and to T. Bond for handling the statistical material.Supported in part, by Grant GB-7687 from the National Science Foundation.Supported by General Research Grant FR-05423, NIH, US Public Health Service.Supported by Research Grant FR-00211, US Public Health Service. 相似文献
88.
Pseudoaneurysms complicating organ transplantation: roles of CT, duplex sonography, and angiography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tobben PJ; Zajko AB; Sumkin JH; Bowen A; Fuhrman CR; Skolnick ML; Bron KM; Esquivel CO; Starzl TE 《Radiology》1988,169(1):65-70
In a retrospective study of proved pseudoaneurysms (PAs) in 15 patients with transplanted organs (11 liver, three kidney, one pancreas), the results of computed tomography (CT), duplex sonography, and angiography were reviewed. Of the 15 cases of PA, eight occurred at the arterial anastomosis and seven were nonanastomotic. Three of the eight anastomotic PAs were caused by infection. Of the seven nonanastomotic PAs, four were caused by percutaneous biopsy, two were caused by infection, and one was of undetermined cause. In nine (60%) of the 15 patients the PAs were incidentally detected at imaging studies performed for other reasons. Diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion. CT was performed in nine cases and duplex sonography in ten. The diagnosis of PA was made with CT in six (67%) patients and with duplex sonography in five (50%). CT and duplex sonography could not enable diagnosis when the PA was small, when the arterial anastomosis was not included in the field of study, or when enhancement with intravenously administered contract material was suboptimal. Angiography depicted the PAs in all 15 patients. In three liver transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract bleeding, the causative PAs were detected only with angiography. 相似文献
89.
Rifkin MD; Heffelfinger D; Kurtz AB; Pasto ME; Baltarowich OH; Cole-Beuglet C; Goldberg BB 《Radiology》1985,155(2):333-334
Although percutaneous aspiration and drainage of abdominal abscesses will frequently avert an open surgical procedure, patients remain hospitalized during drainage. The authors treated 9 patients for abscesses using percutaneous drainage catheters and sent them home with the catheter in place. All had an uneventful recovery. An average of $12,050 was saved in each case. The authors suggest that outpatient drainage of abdominal abscesses is significantly less expensive than inpatient treatment, yet does not jeopardize patient care. 相似文献
90.
TWR Hansen B. Henrichsen RK Rasmussen A. Carling AB Andreassen O. Skjeldal 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1996,85(10):1197-1201
Many galactosaemics appear to have neuropsychological and/or linguistic problems in spite of dietary treatment. Because the neonatal screening program in Norway does not include galactosaemia, we have re-examined Norwegian galactosaemics. Of 16 known patients, 8 patients participated in the study. They had been diagnosed between 2 and 11 weeks of age, and were between 9 months and 19 years old at the time of this study. All had very low or 0 activity of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. As part of the study all were examined neurologically, and had an age-appropriate developmental/IQ test, an ABR and an EEG, and a comprehensive psycholinguistic evaluation. The three youngest patients had normal developmental/IQ tests, while the five older patients had IQ scores in or below low range of normal. The majority had delayed language development and three patients were classified as having verbal dyspraxia. ABR and EEG showed mild pathology in the oldest patient only. Galactosaemia appears to be associated with significant risks of developmental and language delays in this unscreened population. 相似文献