Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.     

多孔β-TCP/rhBMP-2人工骨在小鼠体内的诱导成骨和早期降解行为的研究

目的 将多孔β—磷酸三钙和重组人的骨形成蛋白—2复合物，植入小鼠肌肉内，观察复合物的骨诱导能力和早期降解行为。方法 将多孔β—磷酸三钙／人骨形成蛋白—2复合物植入25只小鼠右侧大腿后侧肌肉内，单纯多孔β—磷酸三钙植入左侧为对照，分别于72h、1、2、3、4周取材，进行组织学和扫描电镜观察。结果 72h可见幼稚软骨，1周见成熟软骨，2周见编织骨和少量板层骨，3周和4周成熟的板层骨生成，对照组则无骨或软骨生成。2周开始间充质细胞和纤维组织长入材料，3～4周将材料包裹分割，同时可见多核巨细胞反应及吞噬现象，这些是降解早期组织学改变。结论 多孔β—TCP／rhBMP—2复合人工骨显示了良好的生物相容性，有强大的骨诱导能力，有希望作为新型骨移植替代材料用于临床。     

Osteoclastogenesis in the nonadherent cell population of human bone marrow is inhibited by rhBMP-2 alone or together with rhVEGF.

During bone development and repair, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling are closely associated processes that share some common mediators. In the present study nonadherent human bone marrow mononuclear cells under the induction of sRANKL and M-CSF, differentiated into osteoclasts with TRAP-positive staining, VNR expression, and Ca-P resorptive activity. The effects of various combinations of rhBMP-2 (0, 3, 30, and 300 ng/mL) and rhVEGF (0 and 25 ng/mL) on osteoclastogenesis potentials were examined in this experimental system. The percentages of TRAP-positive multiple nucleated cells represent osteoclast differentiation potential, and the percentages of resorptive areas in the Ca-P coated plates resemble osteoclast resorption capability. The presence of rhBMP-2 at 30 and 300 ng/mL showed inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and their resorptive capability in the human osteoclast culture system. rhVEGF (25 ng/mL) enhanced the resorptive function of osteoclast whenever it was used alone or combined with 3 ng/mL rhBMP-2. However, rhVEGF-induced resorptive function was inhibited by 30 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL rhBMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis demonstrated that an interactive effect exists between rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF on human osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggested that an interactive regulation may exist between BMPs and VEGF signaling pathways during osteoclastogenesis; exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.     

转化生长因子在前列腺增生中作用的研究

目的：探讨转化生长因子α(TGF-α)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)在良性前列腺增生症组织中的表达及意义。方法：利用免疫组织化学方法研究TGF-α和TGF-β在40例BPH组织和5例正常前列腺组织中的表达。结果：TGF-α在BPH组织上皮和间质中的表达强阳性率均高于正常前列腺组织(P＜0．01)。且TGF-α在BPH组织上皮组织的表达明显高于其在间质中的表达(P＜0．01)。TGF-β在BPH组织上皮和间质中的表达明显高于正常前列腺组织(P＜0．01)。且TGF-β在BPH组织间质中的表达明显高于其在上皮组织中的表达(P＜0.01)。结论：TGF-α在前列腺组织中表达增高，尤其在腔上皮细胞的胞浆中高度表达，TGF-β在前列腺包织中表达增高，尤其在间质组织中的过度表达，提示其可能直接或间接参与了前列腺间质细胞的分化和增殖，参与了BPH的病理过程。     

老年心功能不全血浆心钠素浓度的变化

采用放射免疫法测定31例老年心功能不全患者血浆心钠素(ANP)浓度,发现老年心功能不全组ANP明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。血浆ANP含量随心功能不全的严重程度而明显减少(P<0.05)。病程与ANP浓度呈负相关 (r=-0.441,P<0.05)。不同病种、不同受累部位及有或无房颤之间ANP差异无显著性(P<0.05)。     

Intracranial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in β-thalassemia Major

A case of β-thalassemia major with a huge mass of hernatopoictic tissuc firmly attached tothe dura mater was reported This is the first case reported in China.     

加减化裁随证治之——何任治疗癌症学术经验探究(下)

癌症为深危重疾,对于绝大部分癌症患者,临床普遍采用手术、中医、化疗、放疗、生物等综合方法进行治疗。由于癌症的种类、所处阶段、先前采用的治疗方法以及病人体质等等的不同,求诊时病人的证     

大鼠胎胰胰岛组织培养及移植的实验观察

本实验对培养中的大鼠胎胰胰岛组织及其移植后的形态功能进行了观察。结果表明,大鼠胎胰经短期培养,不仅内分泌胰岛β细胞的活力保存良好,而且胰外分泌腺泡大大减少以致消失。21只糖尿病大鼠,同种移植经过7天培养的胎胰胰岛,未用免疫抑制剂,术后糖尿病缓解率76.2％。     

Nasal lavage leukotrienes in infants with RSV bronchiolitis

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a very common infection in infants and, after the acute phase, a number of patients develop a reactive airway disease that lasts for years. Although the pathogenesis of the lung damage after RSV bronchiolitis is still largely unknown, previous studies suggest that leukotrienes may play an active part in it. The aim of this study was to measure leukotriene levels in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) collected in infants during RSV bronchiolitis and 1 month later. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) were measured in the NLF of 22 infants with their first episode of RSV bronchiolitis and 16 healthy infants. A second NLF sample was collected to measure leukotriene levels 1 month after the acute disease. NLF Cys-LT levels were significantly higher in infants with RSV bronchiolitis than in healthy controls [950 pg/ml (285.5-2155.9) vs. 110.5 pg/ml (66.5-451.3), p = 0.01], and they remained so a month after the acute infection (p = 0.02). A subanalysis showed no difference in Cys-LTs concentrations, either between bronchiolitis infants with and without a family history of atopy, or between those with and without passive exposure to cigarette smoke. No significant difference was found between the LTB(4) levels measured in the bronchiolitis cases and the control children. Cys-LTs are significantly increased in the NLF of infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis, and remain so at 1-month follow-up, suggesting a possible role of these eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Draeger监护仪在围手术治疗中的作用

围手术治疗区域是现代综合性医院最重要的体现医院综合实力的科室之一，也是医院创收的重要科室之一，有数据表明，50%住院病人的花费在手术室，如何提高手术室的利用效率，确保病人和医护人员的安全，成为这个区域最重要的发展方向。