肝细胞癌术前预测微血管侵犯的研究进展

微血管侵犯(MVI)作为肝细胞癌(HCC)恶性侵袭力的一种表现,已被证实是影响HCC预后的重要危险因子。但目前尚缺乏准确的MVI术前诊断方法。本文就MVI术前预测的临床意义及方法做一综述,旨在提高MVI术前预测的准确度,为HCC合并MVI患者治疗方案的选择提供参考和帮助。     

Sellar chordoma presenting as pseudo-macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy

We described a 61‐year‐old female with a sellar chordoma, which presented as pseudo‐macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy. Physical examination revealed that her right upper lid could not be raised by itself, right eyeball movement limited to the abduction direction, right pupil dilated to 4.5 mm with negative reaction to light, and hemianopsia in bitemporal sides. CT scanning showed a hyperdense lesion at sellar region without bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the tumor was 2.3 cm×1.8 cm×2.6 cm, with iso‐intensity on T1WI, hyper‐intensity on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast imaging. Endocrine examination showed her serum prolactin level increased to 1,031.49 mIU/ml. The tumor was sub‐totally resected via pterional craniotomy under microscope and was histologically proven to be a chordoma. Postoperatively, she recovered uneventfully but ptosis and hemianopsia remained at the 6th month.     

肝癌经肝动脉栓塞术后癌灶化脓性感染的诊断和治疗

报道了７例肝癌经肝动脉栓塞术（ＴＡＥ）后合并感染、脓肿的病例。发生此一严重并发症的机率约为１．４％（７／４９５）。诊断主要依靠临床症状及ＣＴ、Ｂ超影像。在ＣＴ导向下的有效引流和对残癌组织用无水酒精冲洗则是最主要的治疗方法。其转归大概可分为：（１）脓肿痊愈、肿瘤姑息；（２）脓肿痊愈，活癌子灶仍存；（３）死于无法控制的感染。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

金属对金属大头径微创全髋关节置换术治疗青中年股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的探讨金属对金属（金对金）大头径假体微创全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的临床疗效。方法本组32例（35髋）青中年股骨头缺血性坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,年龄24～59岁,平均45岁,术前髋关节Harris评分平均（37．9±7．5）分;以改良后外侧小切口、肌间隙人路、充分保留关节动力性组织结构为特征的金对金大头径微创THA治疗。术中严格采取正确的假体植入技术,术中保留完整的软骨下骨和髋臼横韧带,击入臼杯时一次性安装成功,正确运用万古霉素预防感染。术后口服利伐沙班片抗凝,术后12h开放负压引流及卧床行功能锻炼,术后第2天拔除引流管后扶拐下地部分负重行走,术后2—3周患者即可弃拐完全负重行走。结果本组32例35髋患者均获随访,随访时间为12个月～6年,平均为4年。所有患者切口均一期愈合,无深静脉血栓形成、关节脱位、坐骨神经损伤、髋臼及股骨疲劳骨折、关节疼痛等严重并发症,X线片示髋关节假体位置均良好,无松动、移位、股骨柄下沉、假体周围骨折等表现。末次随访Harris评分由术前平均（37．9±7．5）分,提高至术后平均（92．2±4．6）分,前后比较有统计学意义（t=44．341,P〈0．05）。所有患者末次随访时髋关节功能明显优于术前,均对治疗效果满意,完全恢复正常生活及工作。结论采用金对金大头径微创THA治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,能够明显降低手术风险,缩短卧床时问,迅速恢复髋关节功能,减少手术并发症,取得了满意的近期临床疗效。随着基础和临床研究的不断深入,金对金大头径髋关节假体的长期疗效还需要进一步探讨。     

危重心脏病人瓣膜置换22例

目的　总结危重心脏病人的瓣膜置换围术期治疗经验。方法　回顾总结 2 2例危重心脏病人的瓣膜置换围术期的治疗。结果　全组无手术死亡 ,远期疗效较好。结论　重视术前准备、加强术中处理、完善术后治疗是提高危重心脏病人瓣膜置换手术成功率的关键     

立体定向分次放疗联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

Objective To evaluate efficiency of brain metastases tumor using X-knife under farctionational stereotactie radiotherapy (FSRT) combine with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods Retrospective comparing 51 patients treated by FSRT plus WBRT (FSRT + WBRT group) with 35 patients treated by WBRT alone (WBRT group) on the effecting rate and survival rate. Results The completeness response rate was 49 % and 26 % (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. The effecting rate was 80 % and 71 % (P 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. The middle survival time was (11.0 ± 1.5) months and (6.5 ± 0.5) months (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respeetivley. The 0.5-, 1.0- and 1.5-years survival rate was 63 % and 41 % (P 0.05), 51 % and 23 % (P 0.05) and 24 % and 9 % (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. Conclusions The method with FSRT plus WBRT in the treatment of brain metastases tumor is safe and relieved focal symptom of patients quickly with lesser injury on normal tissue and the survival time be prolonged, it has better therapeutic effects than WBRT alone for treating brain metastases tumor.     

腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗效评价

目的评价腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张 (ELVT)的近期疗效。方法 2 1例大隐静脉曲张患者 ,共 2 7条肢体 ,采用激光治疗结合大隐静脉高位结扎联合激光治疗及激光治疗同时行曲张团块及交通支切除 ,其中 1例的 1条肢体在大隐静脉高位结扎后将其近端的 2 0cm大隐静脉主干行激光治疗 15min后切除 ,标本送病理检查。结果 2 0例患者术后随访 2～ 6个月 ,彩色超声多普勒检查显示大隐静脉主干均发生血栓性闭塞。所有病例在术后 3～ 4周内均出现沿大隐静脉走行区域的皮肤青肿及皮下瘀斑。行病理学检查的一例大隐静脉壁穿破 ,静脉腔内血栓形成。结论腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张近期 (6个月以内 )疗效明确 ,损伤小 ,术后恢复快。其作用机制可能是激光引起静脉壁的热损伤 ,继发血栓形成 ,造成静脉主干闭塞。     

显微镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的评价显微镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的疗效. 方法采用经单鼻孔蝶窦入路行垂体腺瘤切除术20例,其中微腺瘤8例(<10 mm),小腺瘤8例(10～20 mm),中腺瘤3例(20～30 mm),大腺瘤1例(>30 mm);PRL腺瘤9例,GH腺瘤6例,ACTH腺瘤5例. 结果本组20例无并发症,平均随访5(2～10)个月,患者临床症状较术前均有不同程度改善,手术效果良好. 结论经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术效果好,术中损伤小,患者痛苦少,术后康复快,没有或较少出现并发症.     

人间充质干细胞在骨组织工程中的应用

目的从数量与功能两方面探讨人间充质干细胞(humanmesenchymalstemcells,hMSCs)作为骨组织工程种子细胞的可行性。方法髂骨穿刺,梯度离心分离获得hMSCs,体外扩增培养;对第3代细胞用地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸、维生素C等成骨诱导培养,检测细胞碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素的表达和钙结节形成情况;诱导细胞与可吸收性复合支架材料体外构建复合体,植入裸小鼠皮下,对照组仅植入支架材料,术后3周取材检测骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原表达。结果4ml骨髓含3.2×107～6.0×107个单个核细胞,培养3周收获hMSCs2.5×107～4.3×107;成骨诱导后,表达碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素阳性细胞数>50%,对照组<10%;诱导细胞与材料复合后植入体内仍然高表达骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原。结论hMSCs能够满足体外构建组织工程化骨,对种子细胞数量和功能的要求。