干旱荒漠区麻黄资源及其人工栽培技术

介绍了麻黄的生物学特性、经济价值以及麻黄的人工栽培和管理技术,分析了麻黄的经济、生态和社会效益,指出人工种植麻黄是缓解药企麻黄药源不足,恢复麻黄草原生态以及促进农牧民增收的重要渠道,为干旱荒漠区可持续发展奠定基础。     

急进高原遂行任务对汽车兵心理应激和心理弹性的影响

目的探讨由低海拔环境急进高海拔环境遂行军事运输任务对汽车兵心理应激与心理弹性的影响,为高原汽车兵心理应激干预提供科学依据。方法以由低海拔环境急进高海拔环境执行军事运输任务的川藏线某部汽车兵126人为研究对象,选取症状自评量表(SCL-90)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)作为心理应激及复原力指标,在执行任务前3 d(营区,海拔600 m)、执行任务后第2 d(藏区,海拔4100 m)进行团体心理测试。结果 (1)执行任务后,汽车兵SCL-90总均分(1.92±0.67)及各因子分均显著高于执行任务前和常住高原汽车兵(P<0.05或P<0.01);CD-RISC中坚韧性、力量、乐观因子分及TCSQ中积极应对因子分均显著低于执行任务前(P<0.05或P<0.01);TCSQ中消极应对因子分及STAI中状态焦虑、特质焦虑因子分均显著高于执行任务前(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)执行任务后汽车兵SCL-90总分及STAI因子分与消极应对、稳定性及精神质因子分呈显著正相关(r=0.214~0.715,P<0.01),与积极应对、内外向、掩饰性、坚韧性、乐观性、力量性因子分呈显著负相关(r=-0.169~-0.599,P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,对执行任务后汽车兵SCL-90总分有显著影响的因素依次为:消极应对、特质焦虑、乐观性、状态焦虑、稳定性、坚韧性、精神质,7个变量的决定系数R2=0.65。结论急进高海拔环境执行军事运输任务后,汽车兵心理健康水平降低;人格特质、应对方式和心理弹性是影响汽车兵心理应激和心理健康的重要中介调节因素。     

高频彩超对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨超声对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的173例腮腺肿瘤的声像图资料。结果:173例腮腺肿瘤中,良性159例,超声诊断符合率71.1%(113/159),恶性14例,超声诊断符合率71.4%(10/14)。良性病变常表现为形态规则边界清楚的肿块,以混合瘤居多,其次为腺淋巴瘤;恶性病变常表现为形态不规则,边界不清晰的肿块,以黏液表皮样癌居多。良恶性肿瘤在形态、边界、包膜、有无液化(囊实混合)、钙化及CDFI等表现方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高频彩超是腮腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

正常直肠系膜和直肠筋膜的MRI表现

目的 :探讨直肠系膜、直肠筋膜的正常MRI表现。方法 :收集无直肠及周围间隙病变的50例患者的临床和MRI资料,在轴位图像上测量并记录:1精囊腺/子宫体平面上,直肠在直肠周围间隙内的解剖位置;2直肠筋膜显示情况及其厚度;3直肠系膜与盆壁脂肪信号强度比值;4直肠系膜内淋巴结显示情况。结果:精囊腺/子宫体平面上,直肠主要位于直肠筋膜构成的直肠周围间隙内的侧方。直肠筋膜最厚处为(1.94±0.54)mm。直肠系膜与盆壁脂肪信号强度比值为1.02±0.17;直肠系膜脂肪信号强度高于盆壁脂肪信号强度(P0.01)。直肠系膜内正常淋巴结显示率低,其最大径均小于5 mm。结论:MRI能良好显示直肠筋膜及直肠系膜的解剖结构。     

DTI技术在四肢软组织肿瘤良恶性鉴别中的价值

目的探讨扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术在四肢软组织肿瘤良恶性鉴别中的价值。方法回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的四肢软组织肿瘤的DTI资料(恶性肿瘤12例,良性肿瘤10例),定量分析良恶性肿瘤部分各向异性值(fractional anisotropy,FA)、相对各向异性值(relative anisotropy,RA)及表观弥散系数值(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC),并对可疑肿瘤侵犯部位进行肌纤维示踪,评估肌纤维形态。结果四肢软组织恶性肿瘤的FA值、RA值及ADC值分别为0.30±0.11、0.25±0.10、(0.91±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,良性肿瘤的FA值、RA值及ADC值分别为0.11±0.09、0.12±0.08、(1.39±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s,良恶性肿瘤的FA值、RA值及ADC值均有统计学差异(P0.05)。良性肿瘤周围肌纤维形态学改变为水肿、移位,恶性肿瘤的周围肌纤维主要为侵犯、破坏。结论 DTI通过显示肿瘤周围肌纤维形态变化并对肿瘤实质进行定量测量,可提高四肢软组织肿瘤正确诊断率。     

转移性肾滑膜肉瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨肾脏滑膜肉瘤的临床表现、病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗方法。方法:结合相关文献,回顾性分析1例转移性肾脏滑膜肉瘤患者的资料,女,49岁,因突发右腰腹部剧烈疼痛18h入院。B超及CT检查发现右肾上极囊实性占位,直径约12cm,考虑右肾肿瘤破裂出血,肾动脉栓塞后在全麻下行经腹腔根治性右肾切除术,术中见右肾上极肿物与周围脏器粘连,右肾静脉未见瘤栓,切除整个右肾及肿物。结果:肿物标本大体观:肾门偏上可见一12.8cm×11.2cm囊壁,囊内充满灰白色、鱼肉状组织;光镜下肿瘤由丰富的单向梭形细胞组成,未见上皮分化成份,肿瘤细胞成束状或片状排列,瘤细胞中等大小,较肥胖,细胞界线不清,核呈卵圆形或杆状,可见核仁,有大量核分裂象,伴发大量出血坏死;免疫组化:EMA(+),Vimentin(+),Inhinbin-α(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+);CK、CGA、Nse、Desmin、CD117、CD34均阴性。支持肾脏滑膜肉瘤。结合患者滑膜肉瘤多次手术史及曾通过RT-PCR方法检测出SYT-SSX融合基因mRNA表达,诊断为转移性肾滑膜肉瘤。未行进一步治疗,术后2个月死于癌转移。结论:转移性肾脏滑膜肉瘤极为罕见,高度恶性,预后极差。术前确诊困难,确诊主要依靠既往病史,病理检查,免疫组化染色,必要时可行分子生物学诊断。治疗上首选外科手术,术后需辅助进一步化疗或放疗。     

Serum anti-phospolipase A2 receptor antibodies and glomerular IgG4 in the diagnosis of membranous nephropathy

Objective To discuss the relationship between serum anti-Phosphalipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies and glomerular IgG4 subclass in patients with membranous nephropathy and evaluate the diagnostic value of the two markers. Methods Patients diagnosed as membranous nephropathy from October 2011 to April 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included and divided into IMN and SMN groups accoding to their clinical diagnosis. Serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG subclasses were both detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4. Results Prevalence of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies of IMN patients was 69.5% (41/59); prevalence of MLN patients was 4.8% (1/21). Within the IMN group, thirty-five patients showed positive results of both serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4; Six patients were positive for serum anti-PLA2R antibodies but negative for glomerular IgG4; Seventeen patients were positive for glomerular IgG4 but negative for serum anti-PLA2R antibodies; one patient was negative for both tests. The sensitivity of serum anti-PLA2R antibody was 69.5% and the specificity was 95.2%; the sensitivity of glomerular IgG4 was 89.8% and the specificity was 52.3%. The sensitivity of the combined marker consisting of serum anti-PLA2R antibody and glomerular IgG4 was 59.3% and the specificity was 100%. Four out of the six patients secondary to HBV infection, one out of the three patients secondary to Sjögren syndrome, one out of the three patients secondary to malignant tumor showed positive results of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies. Conclusions Serum anti-PLA2R antibodies were of high prevalence among IMN patients; the prevalence among SMN patients varied with etiologies. Results of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular IgG4 were helpful to rule out secondary etiologies in the diagnosis of membrnous nephropathy.